ABSTRACT Objective: to map existing evidence in the literature on the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on child violence. Method: scope review carried out according to the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the international guide PRISMA-ScR in the Databases PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and LILACS in October 2020. Inclusion criteria were: studies available in full text, online, in the Portuguese, English or Spanish language, published in 2020 and addressing violence against children in the context of the pandemic. The data were submitted to descriptive analysis. Results: 216 articles were found, of which 26 were kept for review. The results were presented in the form of a table and, for their discussion, were summarized in the following axes: Closing schools, increasing risks and reducing reports of violence; Economic changes, parental stress and increased violence against children; Health professionals, protection services and negligence violence against children. Conclusion: he Covid-19 pandemic has had numerous impacts on violence against children. The summary of the findings of this review may contribute to the dissemination of the theme and stimulate actions that favor the identification, notification and monitoring of cases of violence against children as an important part of the responses against the Covid-19 pandemic.
Maria Carolina Batista da Silva, Ivani Iasmim de Araújo, Talita Araújo de Souza et al.
ABSTRACT Objective To verify the impact (effect) of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rates of reporting of interpersonal violence against children aged 0-11 years old in Salvador, Bahia, from 2020 to 2021. Methods The study used two epidemiological approaches: a) temporal aggregation and b) an individual cross section, based on cases of interpersonal violence against children reported in SINAN from 2009 to 2021. Annual rates of reporting of interpersonal violence against children (per 10,000) and percentages were calculated according to different strata of each variable of interest. The temporal trend was analyzed using the simple linear regression method (R 2 =0.6955) applied to the rates from 2014 to 2019, the period in which they showed the most consistency. Results The rates of reporting of violence against children showed a large variation, with a mean of 4.7/10,000. In 2021, the rate was 7/10,000 (a 45.8% increase on the previous year). Regression analysis indicated a mean reduction of 0.337/10,000 a year, and expected rates of 4.62 and 4.28/10,000, respectively, for 2020 and 2021. Conclusion The occurrence of COVID-19 and, particularly, the increase in the number of reported cases of interpersonal violence against children in the second year of the pandemic in Bahia suggest that these events may be directly or indirectly related. More robust studies are needed to confirm this relationship.
Camila dos Santos Souza Andrade, Maria da Conceição Nascimento Costa, Leny Alves Bomfim Trad et al.
The headline, “Children Are No Safer One Year After School Shooting” in my local Sunday paper (Willey, 2024) prompted the thoughts I am sharing with you today. Last year, I had described the school...
The aim of this study was to identify the epidemiological profiles of violence against children, victims, and their aggressors, and their correlations between socioeconomic and demographic factors analyzed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional, retrospective observational study based on a review of Individual Notification Forms from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, including child victims of violence, under 18 years, assisted by a pediatric emergency service in Brazil, from 2016–2020. Data were stratified, then statistical analysis was performed using the two-proportion equality test and the Chi-square test, with p < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. A total of 609 notifications were analyzed and a prevalence of sexual violence (63.2%) was reported. The prevalent profile of victim was female (76.7%), aged between 2–9 years (38.1%) and 14–18 years (35.6%). The violence occurs in the victim’s home (58.9%). The prevalent profile of perpetrator was male (82.4%), young adolescent (59.2%), living as family (64%), mainly the parents (18.4%). No correlation was found between the classified socioeconomic and demographic variables and violence. There was an increase in notifications during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to the same period in the previous year; self-harm was reported in 59.7% of physical violence in 2020. Prevalence of sexual violence was higher for females, aged between 2–9 and 14–18 years, victimized in their homes, by male offenders, living as family, mainly by their parents. No association was found between child violence and the socioeconomic and demographic.
Stela Maria Tavolieri de Oliveira, Ewerton Alexandre Galdeano, Evelynne Maria Gomes Galvão da Trindade et al.
To characterize violence practiced against children and adolescents in the municipality of Santa Catarina. Exploratory-descriptive quantitative study, developed in a municipality in the west of Santa Catarina, from November 2011 to November 2012, collected data on the cases of violence filed at the Forum of the District of this municipality, totaling 1774 cases. Of the total analysis, 5% refers to violence against children and adolescents, sex crimes 25% female, offer / sell alcoholic beverages stood out age group of 11-15 years, aggressors highlighted male subjects 15-19 years, low level of schooling and no relationship to the victim, place of crime resided the victim's residence and as to the outcome most crimes were filed. Violence often goes unnoticed in the eyes of society, leaving the victims unprotected. Within this expectation it can be evidenced that any type of violence has damages in the healthy development of children and adolescents, damaging periods of life that require more attention.
Marceli Cleunice Hanauer, I. Grasel, Valéria Silvana Faganello Madureira
OBJECTIVES: to analyze the role of nurses in suspected or confirmed cases of violence against children and adolescents in Primary Health Care. METHODS: an analytical research, with a qualitative approach. Thirty nurses participated in the study, and data were collected by means of an individual form and a semi-structured interview. The data received lexicographic analysis by the software IRaMuTeQ (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires) organized by Bardin's content analysis. RESULTS: five categories emerged, in which it was possible to consider that the nurses' approach in cases of violence was based on the identification of violence through physical examination during nursing consultations, health promotion actions in the school environment, request for support from the multi-professional team, and transfer of responsibilities. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: it is inferred that the fragility in the professional training of nurses to address situations of violence against children and adolescents produces deficits in comprehensive care for victims.
Emanuella de Castro Marcolino, Renata Clemente dos Santos, Francisco de Sales Clementino et al.
This study aims to highlight violence against children and adolescents as a contemporary and palpable concern in Brazil, a topic of global relevance.In addition to a descriptive analysis of this category of domestic violence, the multilevel logistic model, also referred to as a hierarchical model, was used to predict the probability of occurrence of domestic violence against minors in different Brazilian states, as well as to identify patterns of types of violence that have been reported.It was revealed that a significant number of complaints are made by the aggressors themselves, as well as by the affected children or adolescents.It was possible to identify the ethnicities that most report this type of violence and the gender that suffers most from such acts.Furthermore, the prevalent types of domestic violence were categorized.These findings are fundamental for the formulation of strategic interventions and public policies aimed at the effective protection of young people.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected children's risk of violence in their homes, communities and online, and has compromised the ability of child protection systems to promptly detect and respond to cases of violence. However, the need to strengthen violence prevention and response services has received insufficient attention in national and global pandemic response and mitigation strategies. In this paper, we summarize the growing body of evidence on the links between the pandemic and violence against children. Drawing on the World Health Organization's INSPIRE framework to end violence against children, we illustrate how the pandemic is affecting prevention and response efforts. For each of the seven INSPIRE strategies we identify how responses to the pandemic have changed children's risk of violence. We offer ideas for how governments, policy-makers, and international and civil society organizations can address violence in the context of a protracted COVID-19 crisis. We conclude by highlighting how the current pandemic offers opportunities to improve existing child protection systems to address violence against children. We suggest enhanced multisectoral coordination across the health, education, law enforcement, housing, child and social protection sectors. Actions need to prioritize the primary prevention of violence and promote the central role of children and adolescents in decision-making and programme design processes. Finally, we stress the continued need for better data and evidence to inform violence prevention and response strategies that can be effective during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Jaqueline Bhabha, Karen M. Devries, Ilan Cerna-Turoff et al.
OBJECTIVE: Describing the profile of reported violence against children and adolescents and draw an essay on the initial effects of Law 13.010 on report patterns. METHOD: Analytic study of reported cases on SINAN - Information System on Reportable Harms (from 2013 to 2015) of violence to individuals under 19, in 53 cities of Minas Gerais. RESULTS: 1,481 cases were reported, 49.2% before and 50.8% after Law 13.010 came to force (p = 0.5501). There was a 7% decrease on female reports and a 27.2% in male reports (p = 0.0055). It was noticed a change in report patterns (p = 0.0023), with a 130.7% increase to neglect/abandonment reports and a 33% decrease to sexual abuse report. Higher rates of violence from the parents happens at the 1 to 9-year-old age group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Main victims were women, individuals from 15 to 19 years, with aggression happening within the household; after Law 13.010, changes to patterns of victim and offender profiles and of kind of violence were noticed.
Daniella Fagundes Souto, Luciane Zanin, Gláucia María Bovi Ambrosano et al.
Introduction: Child violence is a public health problem and is defined as any type of action or omission that may harm physical or psychological integrity, freedom or the right to child growth and development. In Brazil, as provided for in article 227 of the Federal Constitution and article 13 of the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA), abuse against children are the object of mandatory notification, predicting penalties for professionals who fail to communicate the cases of your knowledge. Since 2011, child violence, regardless of its type, has been part of the list of compulsory notification in Law 4.730/2011, implying the doctor the duty to notify, as well as to assume civil and criminal liability on the case . Objectives: To analyze the training of the students of the fifth and sixth year of the medical course regarding knowledge and conduct in the face of a suggestive picture of violence against children and adolescents in the various scenarios of practical action. METHODS: This is a quanti-quarter, transverse, exploratory characteristic descriptive study. As a method of data collection, the application of questionnaires containing open and closed questions, adapted from the questionnaire proposed by Dossi (2009), was used. The sending to students of the 5th and 6th year of medicine occurred electronically. The ethical criteria defined by Resolution No. 510 of the National Health Council (CNS), promulgated in 2016, were obeyed on research involving human beings, being respected voluntary participation and anonymity of the study population, using the free and informed consent form (Tcle). The research was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) and obtained its approval. 4. Results/Discussion: A total of 40 (forty) answers was obtained. Regarding the participants’ profile, it was observed that 70% of participants are white ethnicity, 72.5% cisgender women and most aged 20 and 30 years old (77.5%). Students defined childhood violence broadly, recognizing it as any kind of physical, psychological and/or moral damage that can directly or indirectly compromise the physical or mental integrity of children. Among the types of child violence mentioned are physical, psychological and sexual aggression. A participant also stressed the importance of considering nutritional, vaccination and educational neglect. One third of the inmates reported having had some kind of experience in their clinical practices with situations suspected of child violence. Although most students (77%) consider themselves able to identify and communicate situations of violence, 95% say they are unaware of flows and protocols to follow. 5. CONCLUSIONS: Data reveals gaps in the preparation of students to deal with child violence. One third of them did not have classes or discussions on the subject, while 32.5% received only one class and 35% had up to 3 classes on the subject. These findings highlight the need to improve the training of professionals in the field, ensuring that they are prepared to deal with such situations, as well as promote the well-being of children in different situations of violence.
Lays Costa Silva, Elizabeth Alt Parente, Ana Beatriz Azevedo Barbosa Mambreu et al.
