Africa Knowledge Hub for Children

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex9 Jul 2026

Causes and Law of Girl Child Labour in India

Girl child labour has been one of the biggest obstacles to social development. It is a challenge and long-term goal in many countries to abolish all forms of child labour. Especially in developing countries, it is considered as a serious issue these days. Girl Child labour refers to children who miss their childhood and are not able to have the basic amenities which a child should have. Recently the International. They are often mistreated and work for prolonged hours, in very bad conditions. This can affect their health physically, mentally and emotionally. Girl children do not have the basic rights like access to school or health care.

Vijaylaxmi Patil

ProtectionDevelopmentINRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex2 Feb 2026

The Impact of Poverty on Child Labour in Kohat, Pakistan

The present study was conducted in Kohat district Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, with the sole aim to find out the major cause of Child labour, particularly poverty, which is remains a serious social problem across the globe, particularly in underdeveloped areas such as Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 100 child labourers working in different sectors of Kohat, including shops, workshops, streets and markets. Purposive sampling was used to select respondents who were directly involved in child labour. The findings of the study show that poverty is a major factor pushing children into labour. Most respondents reported working to support their families due to financial problems and the inability to afford education. The study concludes that child labour in Kohat is deeply rooted in poverty, lack of educational opportunities, and weak enforcement of child protection laws. The research recommends poverty reduction strategies, improved access to free and quality education, community awareness programs and stronger implementation of child labour laws to address this issue effectively. Keywords: Child Labour, Poverty, Education, Social Problems, Kohat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Child Protection Laws

Mazhar Islam, Yumna Tariq, Rafeed Ullah Khan

ProtectionDevelopmentPKRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex15 Apr 2020

Mental Health Impacts of Child Labour: Evidence from Vietnam and India

A number of recent studies have investigated the relationship between child labour and physical health. However, there has been little empirical evidence that child labour affects children’s emotional and behavioural development. This study departs from existing literature by examining the mental health impacts of child labour in Vietnam and India, as measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The potential endogeneity of child labour is addressed by using rainfall as the instrument. The findings show that children engaged in child labour suffer from mental health issues as measured by peer problems and reduced prosocial behaviour in both countries. There is a significant gender difference in the impact of child labour in India. Finally, doing household chores, an accepted social and cultural work in developing countries is found to be associated with the better mental health of children in Vietnam.

Trong‐Anh Trinh

ProtectionDevelopmentPractitionerINVNRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex1 Jan 2021

Child Labour and Education in India: Promises and Challenges

Child labour is a global reality. It is both cause and consequence of socio-economic backwardness. In India, child labour is considered a ‘curse’ for the nation’s development. There is a diverse range of factors that perpetuate child labour in India. The highlighted factors of the proliferation of child labour are destitution, illiteracy, unemployment, underemployment, large-family size, low family income, ignorance of the parents towards the importance of education and many others. Notably, child labour is most prevalent in the unorganised sector primarily as domestic workers, restaurant and eateries’ workers, automobile repairing workers, construction workers, shop, and canteen workers and as helpers in various occupational fields. Over the years, child labourer has been facing social, economic, physical and psychological problems in India. Some of the serious issues faced by child labour are social abuse, violence, discrimination, stress and vulnerability. The government has been a failure to abolish child labour due to a lack of effective labour laws, government mechanisms and state’s agencies. Education is, therefore, one of the primary conditions for children to overcome this problem. Against this background, this article understands the current patterns in child labour in India. Based on the secondary sources, it underlines the educational challenges faced by child labour in India. It also discusses gendered issues before the education of child labour.

Monika Bisht

SurvivalDevelopmentProtectionINRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex30 Jun 2023

A Case Study on Child Labour in East Delhi

Child labour deprives children (any person under 18) of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to their physical and/or mental development as per ILO. The present paper caricature the issue of child labour prevelant in the east Delhi region. The different reasons of child labor prevelance were identified to be the lack of awareness, education, insensitivity from the societal member and negligence of instances of child labour which societal members have experienced in their life.

M Harikrishnan, Mr.Sourabh jain, M Chauhan et al.

ProtectionDevelopmentINRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex12 May 2021

A sociological study of patterns and determinants of child labour in India

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the patterns and incidence of child labour in India and to examine the magnitude of child labour across different social groups. It analyses the impact of the socio-economic background of the children on their participation in the labour market. Design/methodology/approach The paper primarily relies on the data collected from secondary sources. The census of India data and the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) 66th round data (2009–2010) on employment and unemployment in India for the study. The dependent variable on child labour has been computed by the author for the analysis in the paper. Findings The findings of the paper suggest that poverty is not the only determinant of child labour, but gender and caste of a person is also a significant factor for child labour. The study found that children from lower-caste backgrounds in India seem to participate more in the labour market. In terms of gender, the study found that boys are more likely to engage in economic activities or paid jobs while girls are more likely to engage in household activities. Originality/value Data used in this paper has been extracted by the author from unit level data provided by NSSO. The variables used for the analysis in the presented paper has been constructed by the author and the figures provided are the result of the author’s estimation on data.

Barsa Priyadarsinee Sahoo

ProtectionINRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex1 Jul 2025

Child Labour and Education in India: A Legal Study

Education plays a crucial role in preventing child labour; conversely, child labour significantly hinders the achievement of Education for All (EFA). Therefore, comprehending the relationship between education and child labour is essential for realizing both EFA and the goals of eliminating child labour. This article is part of the broader initiatives by UCW aimed at enhancing the understanding of the connections between education and child labour, offering a concise summary of pertinent research and identifying key knowledge gaps. The study largely corroborates the prevailing belief that child labour negatively impacts children's ability to enrol in and persist within the educational system, making it increasingly challenging for them to gain educational benefits from schooling once they are enrolled. The evidence also indicates that these adverse effects are not confined to economic activities but also encompass household chores, with the intensity of work (whether in economic activities or household tasks)

Sneha Bharti

DevelopmentProtectionINRead at source

OtherOpenAlex11 Apr 2021

CHILD LABOUR IN WESTERN ODISHA & CASE STUDIES

The traditional concept of factors of production namely land, labour, capital and organisation are no more accepted phenomenon. Apart from land, the manpower, machine and management are the actual partners of production in modern economic system. Inclusion of various labour laws, schemes by the Government have enriched the labour scenario of Odisha since its inception. National Child Labour Project plays a vital role for the identification, rehabilitation and mainstreaming of the child labour during last three decades. Based upon research in the state of Odisha in India, this article describes the child labour scenario in the state of Odisha. Odisha became separate state on 1st April 1936.Eighty-two years since the momentous day, much has changed in the Labour relation, Juveniles, Child Labour problem & Migrant Workers of Odisha. This article also explains the magnitude of child labour and steps taken by the Government to eliminate child labour Problem of child labour is very sensitive.

Samir Kumar Nanda

ProtectionINRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex28 Aug 2019

THE PROTECTION OF EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS FOR CHILD LABOUR ( A CASE STUDY OF CHILD LABOUR AT HORSE STABLE IN CENTRAL ACEH, INDONESIA)

ABSTRACT THE PROTECTION OF EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS FOR CHILD LABOUR ( A CASE STUDY OF CHILD LABOUR AT HORSE STABLE IN CENTRAL ACEH, INDONESIA) Faculty of Law, Syiah Kuala University (iv,50) pp,.bibl,.app. (Dr.M.Ya’kub Aiyub Kadir) Article 28 and 29 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) set the rights of education and the aim of the education. Indonesia has been ratified this convention through a Presidential Decree No. 36 of 1990. Meanwhile, under article 68 of Law No. 13 of 2003 on Labour, provide the prohibition of the employer from employing the children, with the exception in article 69 regarding the requirements to hire the children. In Central Aceh, it is become a habit for horse owners to hire children, these children work to clean the stable, train horses, and also feed the horses. The child labour commonly work more than 3 (three) hours in a day and did not get paid appropriately by the horse owner. The purpose of this research are to find the protection of educational rights for child labour in Indonesia generally according to International Human Rights Instruments; and the protection of child labour especially in case of Child Labour at Horse Stable in Takengon, Central Aceh. In order to obtain the data, the research use normative empirical approach. This method will describe the legal rules in relation to the protection of educational rights for child labour in Indonesia and to find out the implementation of these rules and cases happened in the field. The result of this research found that the protection of educational rights have been stated in several International Human Rights Instruments; and it is the duty of government along with family toward the protection of educational rights for child labour in Indonesia. The Government of Central Aceh has taken several steps to implement the rights of educational rights as mandated in several law and regulations, such as arranging a routine dissemination and providing free school fee. It is suggested to the Indonesian government to create a monitoring body that focus on Child Labour issue. The government of Central Aceh should make local regulation regarding the educational rights for child labour and add some provisions under the Qanun on Education. The awarenese of the family is important to ensure the children to get a proper education.The employer as well has to understand the legal base to hire the children so it will not interfere the children’s right to get education.

Khairatunnisa

ProtectionDevelopmentIDRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex30 Dec 2023

The Impact of Pakistan's Child Labour Laws on the Country

Child labour is any job that takes away from a child's childhood, makes it hard for them to go to school regularly, or is harmful to them mentally, physically, socially, or morally. Many international organisations think this method is unfair and takes advantage of people. Laws all over the world make it illegal for children to work. These rules don't think that all work done by children is work done by children. The study we are working on is about the new changes to the Child Labour Act and how they will affect children in Pakistan. This article talks about how UNICEF and other foreign groups work to improve the lives of children around the world. The ILO and UNICEF have made a distinction between child labour and child work. They say child labour will not be counted if the child works to help with housework or family business and doesn't hurt his health or schoolwork. But if it hurts a child's physical or mental health or schooling, then it will be considered child labour.

Amir Alam

ProtectionPKRead at source

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