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The paper is part of a collaborative research organized by the International Association of Youth and Family Judges and Magistrates (AIMJF/IAYFJM) on child participation in family and protection matters. The article explains the legal, institutional and procedural aspects of child participation in the Justice System in Georgia
Anna Arganashvili
OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine represents a cornerstone in tackling the pandemic and with the approval of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in December 2020, it has become a beacon of hope for people around the world, including children. This study aimed to present the data on the humoral response and safety of vaccine in a cohort of patients with paediatric rheumatic diseases receiving immunomodulatory treatments. METHODS: Forty-one children with paediatric rheumatic diseases were included and were vaccinated with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (two doses of 30 µg administered 3-4 weeks apart). To assess the humoral response, IgG antibodies developed against the S1/Receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein at baseline and 3-4 weeks after the second dose were measured. The possible local and systemic side effects and disease activity scores were evaluated during the study period. RESULTS: After the second dose of vaccine, markedly elevated anti-RBD IgG titres were observed in all patients with a median titre of 20 474 AU/ml [interquartile range (IQR) 6534-36 151] with a good safety profile. The median disease duration was 4.3 (IQR 3.5-5.6) years. In the cohort, 14 (34.1%) received conventional DMARDs (cDMARDs), 16 (39%) received biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) and 11 (26.8%) received a combined therapy (cDMARDs and bDMARDs). Patients treated with combined therapy [median 4695 (IQR 2764-26 491)] had significantly lower median titres of anti-RBD IgG than those receiving only cDMARDs. CONCLUSION: Paediatric rheumatic diseases patients receiving immunomodulatory treatments were able to mount an effective humoral response after two dose regimens of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine safely without interrupting their current treatments.
Özlem Akgün, Figen Çakmak, Vafa Guliyeva et al.
The application of road safety games has progressed as an interactive approach for disseminating information to children in reducing the probability of accidents. To investigate progress achieved in this domain, a comprehensive thematic evaluation has been undertaken with the objective of discerning recurring patterns and emerging trends in the extant body of literature. The review's implementation has been structured according to a sequential process consisting of four primary stages: identification, screening, eligibility evaluation, and analysis. A thorough investigation of electronic databases was conducted, followed by a meticulous review, resulting in the inclusion of 21 relevant papers. The results indicate that a wide variety of gaming genres and platforms were utilized, including driving simulations, mobile applications, and web-based games. The examination of the efficacy of road safety games includes various indications of outcomes, including upgrades in knowledge, adjustments in behavior, and levels of involvement. The concept of road safety encompasses a wide range of topics and issues, such as hazard perception, pedestrian safety, bicycle and motorcycle safety, knowledge of speed limits, understanding of traffic signs and signals, avoidance of distracted driving, application of defensive driving techniques, and compliance with seat belt usage. This implies that it is advisable to use caution when choosing road safety themes, considering their pertinence, influence, and ability to successfully tackle specific challenges and improve road safety outcomes.
Siti Salwa Salleh, Siti Ayu Jalil, Ismassabah Ismail
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Disseminated BCGitis is a rare but serious complication of BCG vaccine in patients with underlying primary immunodeficiency. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics containing antimycobacterial regimen have been considered in the treatment of disseminated BCGitis, but there are limited data about the dosing, safety, and tolerability of fluoroquinolone such as moxifloxacin in children. The aim of this study was to report the experience with the dosing, safety, and tolerability of moxifloxacin in children with disseminated BCGitis. METHOD: This retrospective descriptive study included children who had been diagnosed with disseminated BCGitis and treated with an antimycobacterial regimen including moxifloxacin for more than two weeks from 2007 to 2017 at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RESULT: Ten children were included: six (60.0%) were male and four (40.0%) were female. The primary diagnosis for five patients was Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD), four patients were diagnosed with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID), and the remaining patient had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The overall mean duration of moxifloxacin treatment was 10.1 months. Liver toxicity was recorded in three patients. The most common medications used with moxifloxacin were ethambutol and clarithromycin. Moxifloxacin serum concentration level was determined in 5 patients. No musculoskeletal side effects were reported while the patient was on moxifloxacin. The treated patients showed a different response to an antimycobacterial regimen including moxifloxacin, with mortality in two patients. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that moxifloxacin is generally tolerated in children and might be considered in disseminated BCGitis cases. Additionally, paying attention to side effects such as liver toxicity is recommended, particularly with the use of other antimycobacterial antibiotics, which could also be hepatotoxic. A moxifloxacin-containing regimen for disseminated BCGitis showed clinical improvement in some patients in this study, although the majority presented the same clinical condition.
Mohammed Alsuhaibani, Ghada Felimban, Mohamed M. Shoukri et al.
Dengue virus is classified as an arbovirus and its incidence rate continues to grow, especially in children in the last few years recorded by WHO. In the absence of specific therapy to treat dengue, prevention with vaccination is the right choice, especially for Asia and endemic regions such as Indonesia. Until now, the vaccine for dengue is only available in one commercial formulation (CYD-TDV) which has been licensed and developed by Sanofi Pasteur. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness and safety of the CYD-TDV vaccine for children in endemic areas. The method used in this study is a literature search. Conducted meta-analyses and systematic reviews published between 2017 and 2020 identified in MEDLINE, especially in children based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings obtained are Immunogenicity in the test group vaccinated with CYD-TDV was higher than the control group and side effects between two groups were not significant. So it can be concluded CYD-TDV vaccine is effective and safe for children’s in endemic areas. This conclusion is the basis for further vaccine development, especially for Asian regions, such as Indonesia.
Sonny Edbert, Hotimah Masdan Salim
The article aims to uncover security risks that may occur during online learning, as well as preventive measures that can be taken to avoid these threats. This study uses a combination of two methods, namely, web mining and literature review. From the results of web mining, it is found that the website articles have not provided much explanation about efforts to protect against threats on the internet, from the results of the literature review the researchers revealed that several threats that can occur on the internet, namely phishing, scamming, fraud, cyberbullying, viruses, privacy and personal data issues, and obscene or pornographic content. This study also provides three important steps in protecting children from internet threats during online learning, including assistance in accessing internet content, education about internet safety and personal data protection, as well as an introduction to Digital Citizenship and ethics in cyberspace. Keywords: Digital Safety, Online Learning Safety, Digital Citizenship
Dewanto Muhammad Zulqadri, Ali Mustadi, Heri Retnawati
Aim/Purpose: Following the widespread use of social networking applications (SNAs) by children, adolescents, and young adults, this paper sought to examine the usage habits, sharing, and dangers involved from the perspective of the children, adolescents, and young adults. The research question was: What are the usage habits, sharing, drawbacks, and dangers of using SNAs from the perspective of children, adolescents, and young adults? Background: Safety has become a major issue and relates to a range of activities including online privacy, cyberbullying, exposure to violent content, exposure to content that foments exclusion and hatred, contact with strangers online, and coarse language. The present study examined the use of social networking applications (SNAs) by children, adolescents, and young adults, from their point of view. Methodology: This is a mixed-method study; 551participants from Israel completed questionnaires, and 110 respondents were also interviewed. Contribution: The study sought to examine from their point of view (a) characteristics of SNA usage; (b) the e-safety of SNA; (c) gender differences between age groups; (d) habits of use; (e) hazards and solutions; and (f) sharing with parents and parental control. Findings: Most respondents stated that cyberbullying (such as shaming) happens mainly between members of the group and it is not carried out by strangers. The study found that children’s awareness of the connection between failures of communication in the SNAs and quarrels and disputes was lower than that of adolescents and young adults. It was found that more children than adolescents and young adults believe that monitoring and external control can prevent the dangers inherent in SNAs, and that the awareness of personal responsibility increases with age. The SNAs have intensified the phenomenon of shaming, but the phenomenon is accurately documented in SNAs, unlike in face-to-face communication. Therefore, today more than ever, it is possible and necessary to deal with shaming, both in face-to-face and in SNA communication. Recommendations for Practitioners: Efforts should be made to resolve the issue of shaming among members of the group and to explain the importance of preserving human dignity and privacy. The Internet in general and SNAs in particular are an integral part of children’s and adolescents’ life environment, so it can be said that the SNAs are part of the problem because they augment shaming. But they can also be part of the solution, because interactions are accurately documented, unlike in face-to-face communication, where it is more difficult to examine events, to remember exactly what has been said, to point out cause and effect, etc. Therefore, more than ever before, today it is possible and necessary to deal with shaming both in face-to-face and in the SNA communication, because from the point of view of youngsters, this is their natural environment, which includes smart phones, SNAs, etc. Recommendations for Researchers: The study recommends incorporating in future studies individual case studies and allowing participants to express how they perceive complex e-Safety situa-tions in the use of social networking apps. Impact on Society: Today more than ever, it is possible and necessary to deal with shaming, both in face-to-face and in SNA communication. Future Research: The study was unable to find significant differences between age groups. Fur-ther research may shed light on the subject.
Gila Cohen Zilka
We can say that now social media is at the peak of its capabilities. But you need to remember that social media has both a positive side and a negative one. This issue is particularly acute when it comes to vulnerable sections of society, such as children and adolescents. UNICEF researchers cite statistics that every year 175,000 children find themselves on the Internet for the first time. At the moment, it is known that every third Internet user is a child. Despite this, we cannot fully ensure their safety. The issue of quality online content also remains relevant. In this regard, one of the main problems in the development of social media is cyberbullying.
K. S. Zhubandykov
Purpose Public service announcements (PSAs) have been shown to be effective instruments that raise awareness, educate society, and change behaviors and attitudes. Many governments and organizations have utilized PSAs on social media to promote online safety among children and youth. However, we have limited understanding of the range of topics that these PSAs address and how they present their content to audiences. This study provides an inventory of the types of online safety topics that current PSAs address and a catalogue of the types of persuasive features employed by PSAs. Design/methodology/approach A content analysis of 220 YouTube PSA videos on online safety was conducted. Various topics under the umbrella of online safety were identified. Guided by the prospect theory and exemplification theory, different persuasive features employed in the PSAs were sought. Findings The findings highlight that the primary focus of these PSAs is on online safety behaviors and general instructions on online hygiene. Interestingly, nearly half of the videos employ a neutral frame, while a significant portion provides no evidential support. Additionally, video length was associated with the number of views and likes it gathered but not with the number of comments. Originality/value The inventory of PSAs can help researchers, practitioners, and policymakers better understand the type of content being produced and disseminated online as well as identify topics that are either over or under-represented. Further, the catalogue of the types of persuasive features employed by PSAs would be helpful in guiding research, practice, and policymaking in the context of creating effective online safety videos.
Liuyu Huang, Dion Hoe‐Lian Goh, Stella Xin Yin
Road safety awareness is one of the many awareness programs that are often highlighted and discussed around the world. The road accident statistics are increased due to the lack of exposure and awareness among communities about traffic environments and rules. Children are one of the most vulnerable populations involved in traffic accidents. The children are unable to familiarize themselves with the surroundings, especially when crossing the road. This research attempts to improve road-safety awareness among children by using computer games as a learning tool. Specifically, it determines the progress of knowledge on the road rules and conditions after the children using the tool. The computer online game is suitable methods to use for teaching them on road safety due to interactive application always intimate the children. Besides the survey questions that related to road traffic rules, we also measures the attitude towards road safety in the participant (i.e., children and adult). Descriptive analysis in frequency, mean, and percentage are used to describe the respondent’s information. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) is used to analyze the findings. The overall findings show that all respondents have positive feedback on online games as a road safety tool. Interestingly, the significant output shows on the different knowledge about road safety when the children are analyzed for before and after they played the games. The future research is suggested to study the other group of participant as the respondent in this work is limited to the primary school children. It can be improved by involving the large sample size and wider location.
Masnida Binti Hussin, Nor Hanis Mohd Fouzi
