Background: Stunting is the cause of death and morbidity among children 0-59 months. Stunting can be associated with some factors such as child factors, maternal factors, and feeding patterns, especially exclusive breastfeeding. Objectives: Determine the effects of exclusive breastfeeding and demographic factors (gender, mother age and education) associated with stunting incidence among 0-59 months child in Public Health Center. Method: This was an observational analytic study with a case-control design involving 132 children under five in the Ngletih Health Center area. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis to describe variables, Chi-square tests to assess associations, and logistic regression to estimate the magnitude of effects. Result: Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between exclusive breastfeeding and stunting (p=0.005), while no significant associations were found for child gender (p=0.601), maternal age (p=0.367), and maternal education (p=0.052). Logistic regression indicated that children without exclusive breastfeeding had a higher risk of stunting (OR=3.009). The proportion of stunting was 59% among children of mothers with junior high school education and 55% among those with senior high school education. Conclusion: Lack of exclusive breastfeeding is significantly associated with stunting (p=0.004; OR=3.009; 95%CI=1.434–6.312). Strengthening maternal nutrition education programs is essential to reduce stunting risk
Gita Sekar Prihanti, Putri Damayanti, Amalia Wahyu Natasari et al.
Stunting in toddlers is one of the health problems that has not been resolved globally, also in Indonesia. Stunting can be prevented by early detection based on the risk factors for the disease. The literature review aims to examine those articles and find out every risk factor for stunting in toddlers. This literature study used a scoping review method by searching through several search engines such as Google Scholar, ProQuest, PubMed, and EBSCO. After sorting the articles, there are 21 articles used in this literature study. The results of this literature study showed twenty-one risk factors for stunting in toddlers, such as exclusive breastfeeding and the initiation of early breastfeeding. A history of low birth weight, immunization, the number of family members, insufficient nutritional needs (energy, iron, protein, calcium, and zinc), colostrum, breastfeeds (age of administration, type, and frequency). The practice of washing hands, mothers' occupation, mothers knowledge, low family income, history of infectious disease, sanitation and cleanliness of the environment, parents' height, especially mothers, lack vitamin C and vitamin D also as risk factors for stunting. To conclude, stunting in toddlers was influenced by various factors which are child factors, parents, socio-economic, and environmental factors. Therefore, it is essential to consider all the factors to develop stunting early detection tools for toddlers ang health education materials.
BACKGROUND: The objectives of the current study were to identify the trends in child nutrition, the gaps in achieving child nutrition-related goals, and implications for program and policy options for the Chinese government. METHODS: Eight child nutrition-related indicators from the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and China's national nutrition plans, and two datasets, Global Burden of Disease 2016 and Chinese National Nutrition and Health Surveillance, were used in our analysis. RESULTS: Over the past 26 years, the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight for children under 5 years was reduced by 58.7%, 53.4%, and 69.2%, respectively. Overweight for children aged 1-4 years increased 88.9% and obesity increased 2.14 times. Exclusive breastfeeding of newborns (7-28 days) was stable, at about 30%. We estimated child wasting would be 3.0% lower than the target of 5.0% based on predictive values for meeting the SDGs in 2025. The number of stunted children under five years would be reduced by 39.7%, while overweight would increase 2.2% throughout China. CONCLUSION: These results highlight the urgent need for targeted policies and interventions to reduce child stunting and overweight and increase exclusive breastfeeding to improve child health and meet the SDG targets and China's national goals.
Children born to mothers who marry early have a low chance of life and are at risk of nutritional problems such as shortness, thinness and malnutrition. The aim of this research is to analyze the problems regarding child marriage and its contribution to increasing stunting rates. This research uses qualitative methods and literature studies or library research, by reviewing literature books according to the theories discussed, especially regarding early marriage and stunting, as well as analyzing scientific articles. This research provides a literature review on child marriage and its contribution to increasing stunting rates in children. Marriage at this age is very vulnerable and has many risks both in terms of economics, physical and mental health. Couples who marry at child age also have insufficient and optimal knowledge in managing and fulfilling nutrition for infants and toddlers so that children born to child-aged couples will be vulnerable to stunting.
Latar Belakang: Stunting adalah suatu kondisi yang dialami oleh anak balita yang memiliki panjang atau tinggi badan lebih dari 2 standar deviasi median Standar Pertumbuhan Anak World Health Organization. Faktor langsung penyebab stunting adalah asupan makanan. Salah satu faktor tidak langsung terjadinya masalah gizi adalah tingkat pengetahuan dan kesadaran akan pentingnya status gizi anak. Berdasarkan laporan data pengelola program gizi 2021 yang mengutip hasil pemutakhiran laporan e-PPGBM hingga Mei 2021 di Puskesmas Karya Mukti, jumlah balita sebanyak 1.246, dan ditemukan 197 balita. pendek dan sangat pendek. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan, asupan makanan dan keluarga sadar gizi dengan kejadian stunting dan stunting berat di Puskesmas Karya Mukti tahun 2021. Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode kuantitatif digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan, asupan makanan dan kesadaran gizi keluarga dengan kejadian stunting dan stunting berat. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional, artinya penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mengukur atau mengamati pada waktu yang sama atau pada satu waktu. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah anak balita yang berjumlah 197 anak yang mengalami stunting yang tersebar di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Karya Mukti. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Karya Mukti, dan respondennya adalah ibu balita yang mengalami stunting. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak dan diperoleh 66 orang. Hasil : uji statistik Chi-Square pada variabel pengetahuan diperoleh p-value 0,035 (< = 0,05), pada variabel asupan energi makanan diperoleh p-value 0,035 (< = 0,05), pada variabel asupan energi protein diperoleh p -nilai 0,008 (< = 0,05) dan pada variabel keluarga sadar gizi diperoleh p-value 0,028 (< = 0,05) Kesimpulan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan, asupan energi makanan, asupan energi protein dan kesadaran gizi keluarga dengan stunting dan stunting berat di Puskesmas Karya Mukti tahun 2021. Saran : Puskesmas Karya Mukti lebih aktif memberikan penyuluhan kepada bidan terkait kejadian stunting dan stunting berat Kata kunci: Asupan makanan stunting, Keluarga sadar gizi,Pengetahuan,Stunting ABSTRACT Background: Stunting is a condition experienced by children under five years who have a length or height that is more than −2 standard deviations of World Health Organization Child Growth Standards median. The direct factor that causes stunting is dietary intake. One of the indirect factors in nutritional problems is the level of knowledge and awareness about the importance of the nutritional status of children. According to the 2021 nutrition program manager data report citing the results of the updated report until May 2021 e-PPGBM at Karya Mukti Public Health Center, the total number of children under five years was 1,246, and 197 children under five years were found to be short and very short. Research Objective: to find out the relationship between knowledge, dietary intake and nutrition-conscious family with the incidence of stunting and severe stunting at Karya Mukti Public Health Center in 2021. Methods: the type of study was a descriptive quantitative. Quantitative methods were used to find out the relationship of knowledge, dietary intake and nutrition-conscious family with the incidence of stunting and severe stunting. The research design used was cross sectional, meaning that the study was carried out by measuring or observing at the same time or at one time. The population in this study were children under five years, totaling 197 children who experienced stunting spread across the work area of Karya Mukti Public Health Center. The sample in this study was children under five years in the work area of Karya Mukti Public Health Center, and the respondents were mothers of children under five years who experienced stunting. Random sampling was conducted and obtained 66 people. Results : statistical test, Chi-Square on knowledge variable was obtained p-value of 0.035 (< = 0.05), on dietary energy intake variable was obtained p-value of 0.035 (< = 0.05), on protein energy intake variable was obtained p-value of 0.008 (< = 0.05) and on the nutrition-conscious family variable was obtained p-value of 0.028 (< = 0.05). Conclusion that there was a significant relationship between knowledge, dietary energy intake, protein energy intake and nutrition-conscious family with stunting and severe stunting at Karya Mukti Public Health Center in 2021. Suggestion: It is recommended that Karya Mukti Public Health Center should be more active in providing counseling to midwives related to the incidence of stunting and severe stunting Keywords: stunting, knowledge, dietary intake, stunting, nutrition-conscious family
Cahyani Fajaria, Sastra Yunola, Eka Muftiana Rahmawati
Background: Stunting can occur as a result of malnutrition, especially during the first 1000 days of life (HPK). Poor nutrition during pregnancy, growth, and early childhood can cause children to become stunted. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between feeding patterns and nutritional status in stunted toddlers at the North Klaten Community Health Center in Klaten Regency. Methods: This study used an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of all mothers with stunted toddlers, totaling 234 people, using proportional stratified random sampling, resulting in a sample of 71 respondents. The research instruments used were the CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire) and anthropometric observation sheets. The validity and reliability of the instruments had been tested in previous studies. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the chi-square test. Results: The results showed that most feeding patterns were inappropriate (69%) and the nutritional status of stunted toddlers was classified as short (56.3%). The chi-square test obtained a p-value of 0.004 (p<0.05), which means that there is a significant relationship between feeding patterns and the nutritional status of stunted toddlers. Conclusion: The study shows that the more appropriate the feeding patterns applied by mothers, the better the nutritional status of their children. Health workers need to improve education for mothers about the importance of feeding patterns appropriate for their children's age and involve nutritionists and posyandu cadres in monitoring toddler growth.
Abstract Community-based nutrition education is a key strategy for addressing stunting in geographically isolated regions, yet synthesized evidence on its effectiveness in these specific high-constraint environments remains limited. This systematic review evaluates the impact of community-based nutrition education on stunting and child nutrition outcomes in remote and rural areas. We searched six major databases (ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SAGE, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis) for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies published between 2014 and 2024. Following PRISMA guidelines, twelve studies (N=53,570) from Asia, Africa, and Latin America were included for qualitative synthesis. Interventions combining nutrition counseling, cooking demonstrations, and home visits significantly improved complementary feeding practices, dietary diversity, and hygiene behaviors. While all studies reported improvements in caregiving, significant reductions in stunting prevalence (ranging from 4.9% to 35%) were primarily observed in multi-year programs that integrated educational components with targeted nutritional supplementation and growth monitoring. In isolation, education improved dietary diversity but had modest, statistically insignificant effects on linear growth. Community-based nutrition education is most effective in reducing stunting when implemented as a multifaceted, long-term intervention linked to social support and supplementation. Policy design for remote areas must prioritize culturally adapted, resource-integrated models to achieve measurable anthropometric gains. Keywords: adolescents, assertive training, boarding school, Islamic values, interpersonal communication.
Hafizs Nasirun, Etty Rekawati, Dwi Cahya Rahmadiyah et al.
Background: Stunting remains a major global health concern, contributing to child mortality and long-term developmental consequences. Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy plays a crucial role in determining child growth outcomes. Understanding this relationship is essential for developing effective nutritional interventions to prevent stunting. Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the association between maternal nutritional status and stunting in children under five. Relevant studies published between January 2019 and July 2024 were retrieved from PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and BMJ. Data from nine studies across Asia and Africa were analyzed using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.3. Results: The analysis revealed that underweight mothers had a 1.22 times higher risk of having stunted children, while overweight mothers had a 1.02 times higher risk. Both findings were statistically significant (p<0.001). These results highlight the critical influence of maternal nutritional status on child growth and the increased risk of stunting in both underweight and overweight mothers. Conclusion: Maternal nutrition during pregnancy plays a vital role in preventing stunting among children under five. Targeted nutritional interventions for underweight and overweight mothers are essential to improve maternal and child health outcomes. Strengthening maternal nutrition programs can significantly contribute to reducing global stunting rates.
Stunting remains a major nutrition problem in Indonesia with a prevalence of 19.8% (SSGI, 2024). Protein quality is crucial for linear growth, yet assessments usually focus on intake quantity or diversity rather than biological value. This study aimed to develop and validate the Child Protein Score (SPMB) as a practical tool to assess protein quality and its link to stunting. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 109 children aged 6–59 months in the working area of the Kemalo Abung Public Health Center, North Lampung, using consecutive sampling. The sample consisted of 49 stunted and 60 non-stunted children. Stunting was defined by height-for-age z-score, and SPMB was calculated using a Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Data were analyzed with chi-square, logistic regression, and ROC curve. Stunted children showed lower SPMB compared to non-stunted (2.4 ± 1.1 vs 3.9 ± 1.2; p < 0.001). ROC analysis yielded an AUC of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71–0.87; p < 0.001) with cut-off ≤3, and logistic regression showed a 3.3-fold higher risk of stunting in children with TFPS ≤3 (OR = 3.30; 95% CI: 1.50–7.50; p = 0.004). The SPMB proved valid, discriminative, and practical, supporting its use as a screening tool for stunting risk in primary care.
Stunting among toddlers remains a critical public health issue due to its long-term impact on cognitive development, productivity, and socio-economic outcomes. This study aims to analyze the determinants of stunting incidence by focusing on social, economic, and parenting factors within the community context. A qualitative approach with a descriptive-exploratory design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and document analysis involving mothers, health workers, and community representatives selected using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key patterns and relationships among variables. The findings reveal that stunting is influenced by interconnected factors across multiple dimensions. Social factors such as cultural norms and limited family support affect caregiving practices, while economic constraints—particularly low income and food insecurity restrict access to adequate nutrition and healthcare services. Parenting practices, including breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and child care during illness, emerge as the most critical determinants, acting as a pathway through which social and economic conditions influence child growth. Environmental conditions and limited utilization of health services further exacerbate the risk of stunting. In conclusion, stunting is a multidimensional problem requiring integrated interventions that address socio-economic inequalities, strengthen parenting practices, and improve access to health services to achieve sustainable reductions in prevalence
