Cambodia has experienced a rapid and uncontrolled increase in the institutionalisation of children in the last decade. In this article, we analyse the impact of volunteer tourism on children’s wellbeing in residential care facilities in Cambodia by employing a child rights-based approach. Four articles of the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child are chosen as framework to analyse two bodies of documents. We engage in critical reflections on the impact of volunteer tourism on children’s wellbeing in residential care institutions in Cambodia as it is regulated, described and reported. We provide a critical stance on current debates about the reasons behind institutionalisation; the various linkages between institutionalisation and volunteer tourism to care facilities; the (lack of) competence, training and stability of volunteer tourists in care facilities; the interface between volunteer tourism and corruption; and the ways in which institutionalisation and volunteer tourism reinforce and are reinforced by predominant Western ideas and ideals about childhood.
Recent years have witnessed an increase in the global commitment to children’s rights in general and their rights to self-determination and participation in particular. This has been firmly expressed in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children, which recognises the right of children to participate in decisions about their own lives. The present study examined perceptions and attitudes regarding the concept of children’s right to participation among children and parents from Israel. The results indicate that children showed a tendency to support the right to participation to a greater extent than the parents. The results also revealed that the attitudes of children and parents varied by the context and situation in which the right to participation is realised (school, family, and public settings). Finally, children’s actual participation was found to be associated with children’s and parents’ attitudes towards children’s right to participation.
Abstract This article aims to identify the nature of the interpretation of children’s rights in China. More specifically, it seeks to increase the understanding of the characteristics of the national perspective on children’s rights by examining and analysing the key issues relevant to the Chinese legislation. Using the concept of legal culture, the article offers a hermeneutic analysis of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Minors, in which the Chinese view of the rights of the child is explained in the light of a cultural background. The analysis shows that the Chinese view of the rights of the child is culturally coloured. In particular, the influence of the Confucian conception of family and the corresponding paternalistic social theory can be identified.
Juha Erkki Antero Hämäläinen, Shih-Yun Wu, Fang Ming Zhao
Abstract Children remain marginalised in theoretical analyses of citizenship and political rights, with their partial citizenship status attracting minimal attention. We consider the ontological need for political engagement, children’s political agency and intergenerational justice. We discuss how Derrida’s hospitality concept may inform analyses of power structures that serve to exclude children from the demos. We then examine the case of Japan where education law neglects children’s political rights, though respect for human rights and popular sovereignty are core constitutional values. Analysis of parliamentary debates addressing Article 12 and children’s right to be heard and organise collectively reveals a long-standing ideological divide concerning children’s political participation. The Committee on the Rights of the Child has explained Japan’s reluctance to implement Article 12 as reflecting “traditional” attitudes. The reality is more complex. From the late 1950s, Japan experienced a wave of student-led protests, focusing on the US-Japan Anpo Security Treaty. Subsequently, the Japanese government prioritised public order over students’ political rights, and global economic competitiveness over citizenship rights. Article 12 remains a site of struggle between those wishing to extend children’s citizenship rights and those who wish to maintain their partial citizenship, fearing social unrest and a focus away from global economic competitiveness.
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among Saudi women. Despite this prominence, the lack of data on the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and breast cancer among Saudi women has presented significant obstacles for both academics and practitioners. This study sought to determine the prevalence, consequences, and types of IPV-including physical, emotional, and verbal abuse as well as controlling behavior-among Saudi breast cancer patients and survivors (BCPS). A cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia (SA) among 146 BCPS. The frequency of IPV among BCPS varied by IPV type. The most prevalent forms of IPV were verbal and emotional (26%). All BCPS who were exposed to emotional and verbal IPV had at least one emotional issue. IPV was found to be significantly associated with both participants and their partners being unemployed and having a lower level of education. IPV can adversely impact the health and well-being of BCPS as well as that of their children and families. Therefore, future research and practice must prioritize enhancing IPV awareness among patients with cancer and their families due to its profound effect on the health and well-being of those affected.
Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers, India's community health workers (CHWs), serve as the primary link between households and the health system. They perform essential maternal and child health tasks while absorbing administrative and programmatic responsibilities. However, research on ASHAs and CHWs remains fragmented, often siloed into separate discussions of labor conditions, workplace hierarchies, and surveillance. This paper integrates these perspectives to examine how health systems rely on low-cost, flexible labor to sustain themselves. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in India, including participant observation and in-depth interviews, this analysis shows that ASHAs' constrained autonomy is not only the result of systemic inefficiencies, but is shaped by governance arrangements that produce and reinforce disempowerment. Findings reveal that hierarchical task delegation, economic precarity, and routine surveillance work in tandem to constrain autonomy among ASHAs. These conditions limit their capacity to resist expanding responsibilities, while simultaneously enabling the health system to function without structural reform. This analysis offers conceptual tools for understanding how informal health labor is governed, disciplined, and constrained across CHW programs in low- and middle-income countries.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake remains suboptimal among adolescent girls in China. In November 2025, bivalent HPV vaccine was included in China's National Immunization Program for girls aged 13. This study examined girls' vaccination scenario and parental willingness to pay (WTP) for HPV vaccine. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among parents of girls aged 9-14 in the Yangtze River Delta, one of the socioeconomically developed regions in China, between March and August 2025. The survey investigated HPV vaccination scenarios among mothers and their daughters. Contingent valuation method was used to estimate parental WTP. A total of 4,595 parents participated. Overall, 62.6% intended to vaccinate their daughters (39.9% for themselves or their wives), and 8.1% had completed/scheduled HPV vaccination in daughters (35.5% in mothers). It remained inconsistent between mothers and daughters (Kappa = 0.38). Daughters receiving influenza vaccine, parents being informed through schools or community health centers, and greater HPV knowledge were associated with both HPV vaccine intent and uptake (each P < .05). HPV vaccine uptake in daughters was associated with parents endorsing teacher engagement (P = .004). The average WTP was CNY 2,373 for daughters; it was higher among higher-income parents and those with daughters who received influenza vaccine, but lower among parents expecting governmental funding or unwilling to vaccinate daughters (each P < .05). School-based settings are key drivers of HPV vaccine intent and uptake among girls in the Yangtze River Delta. Multi-channel communication and stakeholder engagement may enhance parental decision-making. Improving vaccine financing strategies may promote health equity as China expands HPV vaccination.
Sensitive skin poses significant dermatological challenges in the pediatric population, necessitating thorough exploration and understanding. In this study, we aim to provide neonatologists, pediatricians, dermatologists, and allergists in India with consensus-based recommendations for the prevention and management of sensitive skin in the pediatric age group. A modified Delphi method was used to arrive at a consensus. A group of 15 experts with experience in pediatric skincare constituted the panel. Panel members representing diverse specialties from the major regions of India participated in the consensus process. Statements were developed based on a structured review of the literature identified through PubMed/Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) (January 2000 to May 2024; updated in March 2025) using the keywords "sensitive skin," "pediatric," "emollient," "prevention," and other related terms. Ninety-six clinically relevant questions and/or statements were drafted for discussion: (i) burden, pathophysiology, and challenges in the diagnosis of sensitive skin; (ii) symptoms, risk factors, and consequences; (iii) clinical diagnosis; (iv) prevention and management; and (v) the positioning of colloidal oatmeal-based emollients in managing and preventing sensitive skin in the pediatric population. The consensus level was classified into agreement (mean score of ≥4), no consensus, and exclusion (mean score of <4 after the second round). The process involved two rounds of Delphi surveys and one round of discussion. The experts unanimously agreed that diaper dermatitis, xerosis, and atopic dermatitis (AD) were the most prevalent sensitive skin conditions in children. Physical examinations and assessments of clinical and medical histories were the most effective primary diagnostic methods for identifying sensitive skin. The experts recommended moisturizers/emollients as a cornerstone for managing sensitive skin conditions and enhancing skin health and quality of life (QoL). Emollients should hydrate the skin, repair the skin barrier, and restore ceramide and microbiome balance, all while avoiding irritants. The experts recommended colloidal oatmeal-based emollients in xerosis and AD and as supportive adjunctive care alongside allergen avoidance in allergic contact dermatitis because of their prebiotic properties, soothing effects, and ability to activate endogenous ceramide production, which helps restore the skin's barrier and integrity. In the panel's view, the early and long-term usage of colloidal oatmeal-based emollients helps in the reduction of flare severity and frequency and, potentially, reliance on corticosteroids.
Neeraj Gupta, Medhu Rengasamy, R Kishore Kumar et al.
BACKGROUND: Medical device-related pressure injuries (MDRPIs) are a major patient-safety concern in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Nurses play a pivotal role in prevention, yet their knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding MDRPI prevention remain insufficiently understood. This multicenter cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate MDRPI-prevention KAP among Chinese NICU nurses and identify associated individual- and hospital-level factors. METHODS: Using convenience sampling, we conducted a multicenter cross-sectional survey of registered NICU nurses across 22 provinces of China from September 2025 to March 2026. Participants completed a validated 38-item self-reported KAP questionnaire and two open-ended questions through an online platform. Null-model intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were estimated to assess between-hospital clustering. Knowledge scores were analyzed using ordinary multiple linear regression because the null-model ICC was approximately 0, whereas Attitude, Practice, and total KAP scores were analyzed using hospital-level random-intercept models. Individual-level, institutional-level, and combined models were compared using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Responses to the open-ended questions were summarized using structured content analysis and keyword-frequency counting. RESULTS: The final sample included 472 nurses from 135 hospitals. The percentages of maximum possible scores were 71.2% for self-reported Knowledge, 89.7% for Attitude, and 88.9% for Practice. The individual-level model had the lowest AIC for all outcomes. MDRPI-related training was the individual-level factor most consistently associated with KAP scores. Previous MDRPI management experience was associated with higher Knowledge, Attitude, and total KAP scores, and longer NICU experience was associated with higher self-reported Practice scores. In models that included hospital-level descriptors, hospital type, hospital level, and teaching hospital status were not independently associated with KAP scores. In open-ended responses, nasal CPAP prongs/cannula (46.8%), mechanical ventilators (45.1%), and peripheral intravenous catheters (36.4%) were most frequently perceived as high-risk devices. Hydrocolloid dressings (37.7%) and the high-lift and flat-placement method (15.3%) were the most frequently reported prevention strategies. CONCLUSIONS: In this multicenter convenience sample, Chinese NICU nurses reported positive attitudes and frequent self-reported preventive practices, whereas self-reported Knowledge scores were comparatively lower, especially for MDRPI staging and standardized assessment. Structured, device-specific education and experiential learning may strengthen prevention capacity. Future observational and interventional studies should test whether KAP improvements translate into better observed adherence and lower neonatal MDRPI incidence.
BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is a key component of maternal and child health, yet mothers with disabilities may encounter accessibility barriers, stigma, and inconsistent support within maternity and infant-feeding services. Evidence focusing specifically on mothers with visual impairment remains limited, particularly in non-Western contexts. AIM: This study aimed to explore how mothers with visual impairment in Türkiye made sense of their breastfeeding experiences, including the barriers they encountered, the support they received, and the tactile and relational strategies they developed. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Criterion and snowball sampling were used to recruit 16 mothers with self-reported visual impairment who had breastfed at least one child. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Turkish, either face-to-face or through secure online platforms according to participants' accessibility preferences, between July and November 2025. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using IPA. RESULTS: Participants were aged 32-58 years; 10 had congenital visual impairment, and six had acquired visual impairment. Four themes were developed: variable access to adapted breastfeeding support, breastfeeding through spatial uncertainty and safety-related anxiety, tactile and positional breastfeeding strategies, and differing forms of family involvement in breastfeeding and early infant care. CONCLUSIONS: Participants' accounts showed marked variation in the accessibility of breastfeeding support. Some mothers received no adapted guidance, whereas others described hands-on professional instruction using touch to demonstrate positioning and attachment. Mothers also described safety-related uncertainty, tactile and positional strategies, and differing forms of family involvement. The findings support detailed verbal and tactile teaching, accessible information formats, and individualized breastfeeding support for mothers with visual impairment. Family involvement should support, rather than replace, the mother's own participation.
