BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The displacement of populations due to humanitarian emergencies has an adverse impact on the global elimination of vaccine-preventable diseases. However, the level of immunisation coverage among Rohingya refugee children remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated immunisation coverage and its determinants among Rohingya refugee children in Malaysia. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2020 among the guardians of 243 Rohingya refugee children studying under the sponsorship of the King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Center, Malaysia. RESULTS: Among the 243 children, 90 (37%) were unimmunised, 147 (60.5%) were partially immunised and only 6 (2.5%) were fully immunised. The country of child's birth, the child's age and access to healthcare services were significantly associated with unimmunisation (all P<0.05). DISCUSSION: This study found low immunisation coverage among Rohingya refugee children in Malaysia. Given the low level of coverage, a public health intervention, such as a vaccination program, for this refugee population is necessary.
Hanan Al-Haroni, AbdulRahman Muthanna, Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa et al.
This study aims to describe the implementation of ethical considerations and professional responsibilities of educators in early childhood education. This research was conducted about 3 months at the end of the odd semester of the 2024/2025 school year at Dharma Wanita 2 Sawahan Kindergarten, Trenggalek, East Java, using a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and school documentation, which are thethematically analyzed through data condensation, categorization, and conclusion drawn. The validity test of the data was carried out by member checks and extension of observations. The results of the study show that educators consider ethics reflectively by prioritizing the comfort, rights, and needs of children in the learning process. Teachers' professional responsibilities are reflected through open communication with parents, an empathetic attitude towards children, and dialogical problem solving. The applicable code of ethics not only serves as a written rule, but is also manifested in the school culture built through the example and support of the principal. This study recommends the integration of professional ethics materials into the Early Childhood Education teacher education curriculum and the strengthening of real-case based training so that teachers are able to make ethical decisions in daily practice. These findings are expected to be a reference for other Early Childhood Education institutions in forming an education system based on moral values and professional
Wazabrilla Artha Magnesya, Imron Arifin, Yudithia Dian Putra et al.
Early Childhood Education (PAUD) plays a strategic role in shaping the foundation of a child's complete personality, including character values such as empathy and discipline. This study aims to describe the process of instilling these values through a contextual, natural, and participatory learning approach. Using descriptive qualitative methods, this study involved teachers, principals, and parents from several PAUD institutions in Indonesia. Data collection techniques were carried out through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results showed that the value of empathy was instilled through storytelling, role-playing, and social interactions that build children's emotional awareness, while discipline was developed through habituation, classroom rules, and a reflective approach. Furthermore, collaboration between teachers, principals, and parents proved crucial in creating a consistent character education ecosystem. This study also identified challenges in implementing character education, such as differences in children's backgrounds, limited learning media, low parental participation, and teacher readiness. The success of instilling values is greatly influenced by an understanding of social dynamics and the application of natural, developmentally appropriate learning. This study confirms that character education from an early age must be carried out holistically, adaptively, and sustainably, in order to form a generation that is empathetic, independent, and responsible.
This research paper explores the role of play in early childhood education, emphasizing its significance in the cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development of children. The paper draws on various studies, including those conducted in India, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the benefits of play-based learning. Additionally, it examines the current state of play in Indian early childhood education settings and offers recommendations for integrating play effectively into the curriculum.
This research paper explores the role of play in early childhood education, emphasizing its significance in the cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development of children. The paper draws on various studies, including those conducted in India, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the benefits of play-based learning. Additionally, it examines the current state of play in Indian early childhood education settings and offers recommendations for integrating play effectively into the curriculum.
Digital transformation is the process of transforming interactions between actors on a traditional platform to interactions on a digital platform. This is the revolution that takes digitization or data as the foundation for development. This process is continuous and never stops. Digital transformation is a systematic process, so when all political, economic and social fields undergo digital transformation such as e-government, digital economy, digital businesses, digital banking, population, digital health, digital tourism... education is also in this inevitable trend. The article points out that digital transformation of education and training is a core part of taking advantage of the impact of the global industrial revolution 4.0. and how technology is transforming early childhood education. Why is technology important in early childhood education?
Early childhood education is critical for building a strong foundation for children’s holistic development. Exploring the integration of nature-based and religion-based learning in Desa Petengan, Bandung, Indonesia by using the case of Yayasan Al Anbiya wal Mursalin, it addresses two questions: (1) how is the combination between learning from nature and religious values applied in early childhood education? (2) why is it important to integrate nature-based and religious-based learning early education setting? The study examines the implementation of nature-religion integrated learning in early childhood education, and its significance for children’s holistic development. A descriptive-explorative qualitative design is employed with data collected through classroom observations, interviews and documentation analysis. Findings reveal that integration of nature and religion not only enriches learning experiences but also fosters cognitive, socio-emotional, moral, and ecological awareness among children. These findings indicate that contextual learning grounded in local wisdom and spiritual values strengthens the sustainability of early childhood in rural communities. The study provides valuable implications for policy makers, educators, and researchers seeking to promote sustainable and value-based early education. Combination between learning from nature and religious values in early childhood education shows two learning domains, they are environmental (nature) and spiritual (religious). The combination is directly examined the process and practice of integration. Moreover, it answers and explores community response and impact by understanding why the model gains social legitimacy. It connects the outcome of integration (trust, satisfaction) with the value-based learning model. Model of pedagogical implementation and social validation combine natural and religious learning there.
Jordan has been one of the leading countries in early childhood education and development in the Middle East and North Africa. As a country with limited natural resources, Jordan recognizes the importance of investing in the development of human resources to build a competitive advantage in the global knowledge economy. Therefore, education is considered a priority investment in Jordan. Over the past three decades, early childhood care and education have been recognized in the political and educational agenda in Jordan. The Jordanian Government, with the help of international donor agencies, has launched reform initiatives and programs to develop and enhance children’s education such as the National Plan of Action for Children, the National Early Childhood Development Strategy, Education Reform for the Knowledge Economy, the National Strategy for Human Resource Development, and the Education Reform Support Program. This paper focuses on the most important strategic developments that have taken place in the early childhood field in Jordan.
Background: Low immunization and discrepancies in data sources have been a consistent challenge in Afghanistan. The objective of this was to estimate the coverage of immunization status among children of 12–23 months in urban settings of 12 provinces plus Kabul, Afghanistan in 2019. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in the capital of 12 cities of polio high‐risk provinces plus Kabul during October–December 2019. A two‐stage cluster sampling was used to approach 30 clusters and interview seven households. The coverage for 13 vaccines against 10 childhood diseases prioritized by the Afghanistan Immunization program was assessed through observation of vaccine cards or by history from caregivers of children. Epi Info v.7.2.5 was used for data management and analysis. Results: Totally, 3382 caregivers of children aged 12–23 months, of whom 50.8% were boys, were interviewed. The literacy of mothers was 35%, and 86.4% were housewives with no formal employment. The average age of children was 17.07 ± 4.05 months. In total, 1261 (37.29%) children were fully vaccinated, 833 (54.2%) were partially vaccinated, and 288 (8.52%) did not receive any dose of routine vaccine. Of total, 71.82% had vaccination cards, 17.24% had lost them, and 11% had no cards. Generally, coverage of immunization by cards and history was 91.70% for BCG, 52% for Penta, 78% for OPV‐4, 63% for PCV2, 61% for Rota2, 68.50% for measles 1, and 58% for IPV. Nangarhar and Kunar provinces have the highest and lowest immunization coverage, respectively. Lack of awareness and time was the main factor cited by partially vaccinated individuals, while misconceptions about vaccines were reported among the unvaccinated. Conclusion: Child immunization levels, varying across cities, were suboptimal in the study population. Realistic goal‐setting and awareness campaigns are necessary to address the low immunization coverage and fight against barriers in Afghanistan.
Khwaja Mir Islam Saeed, Shoaib Naeemi, Ruqia Naser et al.
Background: In developing countries various childhood diseases lead the morbidity, mortality and irreversible losses which can be prevented by proper vaccination. This study was conducted to analyse the changing trends of childhood vaccination in India and its impact on childhood diseases and mortality, the trends in coverage of each vaccine along with identification of geographical areas of concern. Materials and methods: NFHS data published by Government of India was analyzed to see the trends in vaccination coverage, female literacy, childhood diseases and under-five mortality, along with online database search for relevant literature. Results: Total vaccination coverage in India has reached to 76.4% as per NFHS- 5 data. Orissa stands at the top with 90.5% coverage while Nagaland at the bottom with 57.9% coverage. Prevalence of childhood diseases and under-five mortality has reduced overtime accountable to increase in vaccination coverage as one of the major factors for same. Conclusion: Despite improvement in total vaccination coverage, the goal of Intensified Mission Indra Dhanush of 90% coverage still remains unachieved. There is reduction in childhood disease and mortality rate, but the pandemic has adversely affected these advances. Therefore, immediate steps should be taken to gain the lost ground.
Shefalir Sheetal, Saransh Khanna, Shivam K. Shukla et al.
