Introduction: Stunting in Indonesia, caused by nutritional deficiencies from pregnancy until the age of two, remains above the WHO target despite a decrease in prevalence from 37.2% in 2017 to 21.6% in 2022. The detrimental impact of stunting on child development and the high rates in Indonesia underscore the importance of improving maternal and child nutrition to reduce this prevalence. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of feeding patterns on the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the Ponorogo District. Methods: This research is an analytical observational study with a case-control study design. The sample size was calculated using the case-control sample size formula with a 1:1 ratio, resulting in 44 cases and 44 control samples. The case samples consist of children aged 1-5 years who experience stunting in the North Ponorogo Community Health Center area. The control samples consist of children aged 1-5 years who do not experience stunting in the same area. The sampling method used is simple random sampling. Risk factor analysis uses the odds ratio (OR) value and a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: There is an association between feeding patterns and the incidence of stunting, with an OR value of 14.54 (95% CI = 3.11 < OR < 67.86). There is no association between immunization completeness status and the incidence of stunting, with an OR value of 0.42 (95% CI = 0.14 < OR < 1.25). Conclusions: Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between feeding patterns and the incidence of stunting in the North Ponorogo Community Health Center area. Inadequate feeding patterns significantly increase the risk of stunting.
This study, conducted in Kintamani, Bali, Indonesia, addresses the persistent challenge of stunting—a marker of chronic malnutrition and impaired child development. Employing the Social Ecological Model (SEM), this qualitative research explores the complex interplay of individual, interpersonal, community, institutional, and policy factors influencing stunting. Through interviews and focus group discussions with diverse stakeholders including healthcare professionals, parents, and community leaders, the study identifies significant barriers and facilitators at each SEM level. Key barriers include limited nutritional knowledge and traditional feeding practices at the individual and interpersonal levels, accessibility issues at the community level, variability in health service quality at institutional levels, and fragmented policies at the policy level. Conversely, facilitators such as targeted nutrition education, robust community support systems, and integrated health programs emerge as potent tools for combating stunting. The study underscores the necessity of a multi-level, integrated approach that bridges the gaps between understanding and practical intervention, highlighting the role of tailored, culturally sensitive community engagement. Research implications stress the need for comprehensive strategies that transcend traditional focus areas to include economic, social, and policy coherence. Practical implications call for enhancing local health services and ensuring consistent policy implementation across regions. Socially, the study advocates for community-driven, culturally informed initiatives that respect local traditions while promoting scientifically sound health practices. The findings contribute to the field by emphasizing the effectiveness of the SEM in dissecting the complexities of public health challenges like stunting. They also advocate for a shift towards multi-dimensional prevention strategies that address both the symptoms and underlying determinants of stunting. This research not only enriches the academic discourse on child nutrition and public health but also offers a replicable model for similar settings globally, making a case for the critical importance of contextualized health interventions.
Introduction: The lack of maternal nutritional literacy has a high impact on the health of stunted children. This can be overcome by providing information to the mother with the help of a mobile application. The purpose of this review is to identify and systematically analyze mobile application interventions on maternal nutritional literacy, including increasing knowledge, attitudes, and feeding practices in stunted children. Method: This systematic review was based on PRISMA, with inclusion criteria including samples of stunted children aged under 5 years, mobile application interventions, and measures of knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Most of the studies in this review utilized randomized controlled trial (RCT) designs. The literature search was conducted using multiple databases, including Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), EBSCO, ProQuest, and PubMed. The search was restricted to full-text articles published between 2018 and 2022. Results: There are 3 forms and media of mobile application interventions. This systematic review shows that mobile application interventions significantly improve maternal literacy related to increasing knowledge, attitudes, and practices in mothers with stunted children, the duration of mobile applications used in each session is 1 minute to 25 minutes per week. With application content on nutritional principles based on children's age, the introduction of appropriate complementary foods and semi-solid foods according to age, food diversity, and providing special supplementary foods and infant and child feeding training (IYCF). Conclusions: The form and media of application video intervention and counseling in mobile application intervention show a positive impact in increasing nutritional literacy in mothers including knowledge, attitudes, and feeding practices for stunted children under 5 years old. Keywords: mothers with stunted children; mobile application; nutritional literacy
Background: Since mothers are the primary caregivers of children under five, their nutritional status depends on their mothers' capacity to feed and nurture them properly. However, mothers' poor child-feeding practices can also lead to child malnutrition. Mothers' nutritional education and childcare habits can improve children's health through child nutrition training. This study examines how child nutrition training for mother affects children's nutritional status in the impoverished Northern Bangladesh.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, total of 300 mothers have been interviewed and data on demographic, socioeconomic, and child-specific related issues are gathered using simple random sampling from the study areas. The data comprise both treatment and control groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) method is applied to examine impact of child nutrition training for mothers on nutritional status of children in terms of stunting, wasting, and underweight.Results: Empirical results of PSM revealed that the children whose mothers have received trainings have lower prevalence of stunting (0.357 SD), wasting (0.646 SD), and underweight (0.935 SD) as suggested by the average treatment effect on the treated.Conclusions: In summary, this study found positive impact of child nutrition training programs. Therefore, it suggests that the government and NGOs should formulate better and expanded programs focusing on training mothers for the betterment of children’s nutritional status.
Nutrition is an important source of energy for children to be able to absorb learning information. Various studies have shown that good eating habits, nutritional balance of composition, and physical activity can support children's development. In line with the results of the study, there needs to be a sustainable learning pattern so that the child can easily understand about nutrition, namely parents as the nearest environment of the child as an effort to prevent stunting cases in the child. The participants of this study were 30 mothers in Bojongsoang District, Bandung Regency, West Java Province. This research aims to test the effectiveness of nutritional intelligence programs in mothers as stunting efforts in children through the design of the-before-after study design experiment with two experimental and control research groups. Specifically packaged in the form of training activities that include materials: (1) cooking; (2) healthy eating; (3) fitness; and (4) fun. In general, the average maternal knowledge score of nutritional intelligence and stunting in the experiment group (Mpre test = 97.5 and Mpost test =123.7) both pre-test and post-test had higher scores than the control group (Mpre test = 97.3 and Mpost test= 88.5). By comparison, the control group's pre-test and post-test scores decreased by 4.7%, while the experiment group saw an 11.8% increase in scores. The effectiveness of the learning model can be measured through Mann Whitney tests that compare the average pre and post test scores measured through stunting instruments, which are demonstrated through the significance of scores in the control group and experiments after being given nutritional intelligence programs. This means that nutritional intelligence programs are considered effective in increasing maternal knowledge as an effort to prevent stunting in children.
After reading this paper published online on 29th of May 2019, we would like to raise our concern as it will mislead readers when they want to know about stunting. Stunting is a continuation process that does not happen abruptly. It starts with linear growth faltering process, where a child does not grow in length or height in accordance with his/her potential. It may begin very early in life, typically in utero, and generally continues during the first 2 postnatal years [ 1 ]. There are many important factors that can cause stunting such as household and family factors, inadequate infant-feeding practices and infection [ 1 , 2 ]. The study by Scheffler et al. examined stunted children in 6–13.2-year-old age group, without trying to look for the causes of this condition. Stunted children can be caused by other factors such as familial short stature, constitutional delay of growth and development, genetic disorders, endocrine disorders, etc. Doing a study about stunting without identifying all these important factors might mislead the conclusion drawn from the study. Scheffler et al. stated that the analysis of their study rejected the hypotheses all of which are based on the conventional definition of height stunting as due primarily to nutritional inadequacy [ 1 ]: stunted children are not uniformly characterized by depleted fat stores [ 2 ]; fat stores of less stunted children are not less depleted and better parental education does not minimize the risk of child undernutrition [ 3 ]; stunted children do not exhibit visible clinical signs of PEM. In their study they examined the 6–13.2-year-old children that were stunted. As the stunted growth might begin earlier, they might not find PEM signs and infections no more, moreover if they looked for these signs where actually the stunted children were not caused by stunting. As the children were recovered from stunting, they can have good nutritional status which are described as normal skinfold thickness/normal BMI and also can be found in overweight or obese because of the metabolic syndrome [ 3 , 4 ]. The study from Rolfe et al. found that subjects who experienced early stunting had accumulated less fat-free mass that predisposed them towards obesity [ 3 ]. Study from Vonaesch et al. [ 4 ] found that stunting was associated with being overweight after some years with the adjusted OR of 3.21 (95% CI: 1.50; 6.90). So it is not mandatory to find the stunted children (caused by stunting process) have low skinfold thickness. At the end of their study, Scheffler et al. questioned about the inappropriate use of global growth standards to conclude stunting and stimulated a debate about the inappropriate misapplication of a global growth reference derived from high socioeconomic and mostly westernized populations. Looking back to the history of how the WHO child growth standards was made, we knew it was based on longitudinal observation from five continents where children of well-off populations in developing countries experience similar growth patterns to those of healthy, well-nourished children in developed countries. A critical result of the study was the remarkable similarity in linear growth of the six Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group populations (3 and 70% interindividual and intersite variability, respectively), demonstrating that, when health, environmental, and care needs are met, the potential of growth is universal to at least 5 years of age. This growth standard is a symbol of children’s right to achieve their genetic growth potential [ 1 ]. Based on these available data, the conclusion of this paper should be questioned. The scientific evidence is clear and convincing that stunting is the result of poor nutrition, infection, together with socioeconomic influences and it is also clear that stunting is not synonymous with stunted.
The general background stunting is a major health issue that threatens the quality of human resources in Indonesia. Specific background posyandu cadres play a crucial role in disseminating health information and educating mothers to prevent and reduce stunting in communities. Knowledge Gap: While previous research has focused on general health initiatives, there is limited evidence on the specific role of posyandu cadres in reducing stunting in rural areas. Aims this study to examine the role of posyandu cadres in reducing stunting rates in the local community. Results the findings demonstrate that posyandu cadres have successfully carried out their role by conducting regular health programs such as providing supplementary food, vitamin A, blood supplements for pregnant women, and monitoring child growth. These efforts have contributed to a steady decrease in stunting rates. Factors influencing the success of the programs include the knowledge and active participation of trained cadres, high community involvement, and support from local health workers and officials. Novelty this study highlights the importance of community-based health initiatives and posyandu programs in addressing stunting, emphasizing the need for well-trained cadres in achieving long-term health outcomes. Implication the research underscores the importance of continuing support for posyandu cadres through training and resources to further improve public health and reduce stunting rates in other regions. Highlights: Posyandu cadres are key in reducing stunting through regular health activities. Knowledgeable and trained cadres contribute to lower stunting rates. Local community and health worker support strengthen program success. Keywords: Stunting, Posyandu Cadres, Community Health, Child Nutrition, Rural Development
The incidence of is one of the nutritional problems experienced by the world today. Depression during is a neglected public health problem with broad effects on maternal and child health. The purpose of writing this article is to systematically identify description and relationship between and in children. Systematic Review method is used for article search. Articles were identified from 2010-2020 by searching literature with the keywords during pregnancy OR antenatal depression OR “prenatal depression” and stunting in electronic databases of EBSCOhost, Sage Publications, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and, Wiley Online through Remote LIB UI. The search results obtained 2785 articles, selected into 20 journal articles that fit the inclusion criteria. The relationship between with the child's weight and body length shows a similar relationship. Based on the literature search results, it is found that most of the has a relationship with risk factors for stunting, namely premature babies and low birth weight babies.
The community service program titled "Empowering Families for Accelerated Reduction of Stunting in High-Risk Families in the Puskesmas Astambul Area for 2024" addresses the pressing issue of stunting, which significantly affects child growth and development. Conducted in the Puskesmas Astambul area, this initiative focuses on families at high risk of stunting, utilizing educational strategies and community engagement to improve nutritional practices and health awareness. The program involves implementing health education on family empowerment, the Healthy Living Movement (Germas), and the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK) initiative. The objectives are to increase families' knowledge about proper nutrition and health, promote practices for handwashing and sanitation, and foster community groups for sustained empowerment. Results show an increase in awareness regarding balanced nutrition and improved health practices among participants. Additionally, active participation in routine child monitoring and health practices was observed. This program aims to make a tangible impact on reducing stunting rates by addressing underlying risk factors and improving community health practices.
Noor Adha Aprilea, Norlaila Sofia, Nur Rohmah Prihatanti et al.
Stunting remains a serious health issue among toddlers in Indonesia, especially in areas with low parental education and socioeconomic status. One major cause is inadequate nutritional intake influenced by poor parental knowledge and feeding patterns. This study aims to analyze the effect of nutritional intake education on improving feeding practices and growth outcomes in stunted children aged 1–2 years in the working area of the Palaran Community Health Center. Using a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design, this research involved 11 stunted children selected through total sampling. Data collection included questionnaires, observation sheets, and child growth measurements, which were analyzed using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon tests with SPSS. Results showed significant improvements in feeding patterns and growth outcomes: height increased (p = 0.009) and weight improved significantly (p = 0.007) after educational interventions. Furthermore, parental knowledge improved from 54.5% to 100% in the ‘good’ category, and appropriate feeding patterns rose from 19% to 100%. These findings suggest that structured parental education can significantly enhance child nutrition and growth, supporting the implementation of targeted health programs. The study emphasizes the vital role of Posyandu in follow-up support and recommends expanding similar interventions to other under-resourced regions to reduce stunting rates nationally.
Umi Kalsum, Zepri Ananda Saputra, Nilam Noorma et al.
