Africa Knowledge Hub for Children

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex1 Jan 2020

UNDERSTANDING SOCIO-ECONOMICDIFFERENCES OF CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA FROMPOLICY PERSPECTIVES

The problem of child labour affects the human capital formation of every country and the early entry of children into the labour market deprives them of normal childhood and educational opportunities thus limiting future prospects of better earning. Child labour is a serious socio-economic issue in India that necessitates to be tackled by making effective policies by policy makers, stringent implementation of laws and constructive participation of NGOs. In this direction, major socio-economic factors responsible for child labour in India are needed to be identified and studied so that policies can be framed accordingly. This paper is an attempt to comprehend the socio-economic differentials of child labour in India with special reference to top five states in the incidence of child labour. This study is undertaken with the intention that government schemes and policies can be channelized in the need based manner focusing on specific areas or segments of the society highly vulnerable to the child labour rather than generalisation of policies leading to wastage of resources and efforts.

Ritu Sharma, Ashita Chadha, Reepu Reepu

DevelopmentProtection

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex7 Oct 2024

The Role of the Informal Economy in Child Labour in Rural India

This research paper delves into the heartbreaking reality of child labour within India’s informal economy, where millions of children are forced to abandon their childhoods for work. Despite laws designed to protect their rights, countless young lives are caught in a web of exploitation driven by poverty and a lack of opportunity. This study reveals the complex factors that lead children into labour—such as economic hardship, inadequate access to education, and societal norms that often overlook their suffering.

Mohd Usman -

DevelopmentProtectionINRead at source

Project reportOpenAlex16 Feb 2021

Exposing the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Bangladesh’s Leather Sector

As one of the country’s biggest employers and its second largest exporter, the leather sector is big business in Bangladesh. But it is also in crisis. A dramatic decrease in the global demand for leather since COVID-19 has led to the collapse of the supply chain with workers, especially children, bearing the worst of the brunt. As cracks in the industry’s surface widen, new research from the Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia (CLARISSA) programme shines a light into its hidden corners, revealing examples of the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) at almost every turn.

Clare Gorman

ProtectionBDRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex1 Jan 2020

Combatting Child Labour with Micro Credit Finance: Experience in Pakistan

This paper examines the effect of microcredit on child labour in city of Lahore, Pakistan. Firstly, this paper explains the major causes of child labour and then how microcredit is linked with these major causes. The dependent variable of this study is child labor and independent variable is microcredit. Target population of this research is total active microcredit clients of FINCA micro finance banks in Lahore. This research is based on primary data and for this purpose questionnaire method is used for data collection and logistic regression technique is used for data analysis. The result of this study shows that major reason of child labour is poverty. The impact of microcredit on child labour is significant but this is not a single solution to resolve this problem of child labour because there many causes of child labour and microcredit actually fight against these causes. The relationship among microcredit and child labour is strongly explained if microcredit reduce the poverty level of household.

Ahmed Muneeb Mehta, Sadia Farooq, Muhammad Ramzan et al.

ProtectionPKRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex4 Jun 2025

Analysis of Determinants of Child Labour in District Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

The study aims to investigate the prevalence and determinants of child labour in District Chitral, an underdeveloped area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, recognized for its high literacy rate and the community's strong commitment to education. The study in hand attempted to identify the factors contributing to child labour and analyzed some theoretical underpinnings to eliminate child labour in the given context. To do this, close ended questionnaires were administered to working children followed by interviews. The targeted population was classified into 05 clusters and a sample of 150 subjects was randomly selected. 100 questionnaires complete from all respects were included for analysis using descriptive statistics. 25 in-depth interviews (20 children and 05 employers) were carried out to obtain insight and substantiate the quantitative data. Findings depict poverty, illiteracy, family size and skill learning intentions as determinants of child labour. The absence of intervention of state and regulatory bodies make vulnerability of working children more severe. Findings are consistent with the previous studies.

Haq Nawaz Khan, Jahangir Alam, Safdar Hussain

DevelopmentProtectionPKRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex10 Jun 2021

CHILD LABOUR: PROTECTING CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS' RIGHTS: A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Modern states regard education as a legal duty," and, "compulsory primary education is the policy instrument by which the state effectively removed children from the work force. -Myron WeinerIn India, child labour persists on a significant scale. Child labour is neither illegal nor is schooling compulsory. Attitudes to child labour among policy makers in India belie the modern progressive view of childhood being a period of learning through school, and not a period of employment. Child labour usually refers to children up to the age of 14, following the ILO Convention. The International Labour Office (ILO) resolution on age of employment, Concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment (Convention No. 138), recommends that no person below 15 years be considered suitable for employment (on the grounds that a child should compulsorily complete a certain number of years of school). The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), however, refers to children as persons below the age of 18.

Dr. Parag Devani

DevelopmentProtectionINRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex3 Dec 2018

Status Of Child Labour In Hotels Of Hetauda Sub-Metropolitian City

The problem of child labour, as faced by the developing economics today, has indeed taken on serious dimensions. The exploitative socio-economic structures resulting in the marginalization of the poor have left them with no option but compel them to adopt child labour as a survival strategy. In the study, efforts are made to understand the societal facts about child labour and the root causes of the problem in the context of the socio-economic dynamics prevailing in the country. Child labour is a serious and wide spread problem in Nepal. Hotel, teashop and restaurant work are the most visible and hazardous forms of child labour, which is mostly common in the urban areas of Nepal. Moreover, they are among the most neglected, abused and exploited segments of the population. The study gathered information on hotel, child laborers socio-economic condition, their working condition, root cause of being laborers and problems faced by them. The child laborers come from almost all parts of the country and they are from different castes and ethnic groups. The majority of children are of age group with the average age being 14.5 years. Most of child laborers have their poor condition, step mother scenario, and illiterate family background. The children were found marginally illiterate. The household poverty is the leading cause of being child laborer in general. However, other factors like social injustice, unequal access to resources, large family size, death of earning family members, illiteracy, etc. contribute to enter into labour market from early age. The communicable diseases were prone in child laborers.

Tika Prasad Sapkota

DevelopmentProtectionNPRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex31 Aug 2018

Child Labour : A Devastating Evil and Measures Taken by Indian Judiciary

Child labour is not a new issue for India.With the increasing population, the problem and issue of Child labour is also increasing.India is the second largest country after Africa which is adversely affected by child labour.Our government took many meas eliminate child labour.Child labour is basically a kind of work which deprives the children from their childhood; it can be any kind of work like working in tea stall, working in fireworks etc.According to Article 24 of Indian constitution no children below the age of 14 can be employed in any factory or in any hazardous activity.Poverty, unemployment, lack of educational facilities, social economic backwardness is some of the reasons behind Child labour.Under Article 21-A of the Indian Constitution the State shall provide infrastructure and free resources and compulsory education for children from age six to fourteen years.According to Article 2 of Minimum age (industry) convention of the ILO, 1919 children below the age of 14 are not allowed to be employed in any Public or Private industrial undertaking.The problem of child labour can be reduced to some level by reducing child trafficking, by reducing unemployment, by eliminating poverty.Many financial institutions and World Bank are helping reducing poverty by providing loans and financial help.Article 15 (3) of Indian constitution made special provisions for child but this doesn't violate right to equality.Despite of making many laws and schemes for reducing child labour still the probl child labour is completely not finished.Child labour prohibition and abolition act was passed by Indian government for reducing child labour.So basically child labour is huge problem for India and for the development of India.The future of our

Diwanshi Singh Chandel

DevelopmentProtectionINRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex14 Mar 2023

Application of Burden of Proof to Child Labour as Protection of Children's Rights

Child labour should be given legal protection, one form of protection for child labour is to impose a Burden of Proof (Burden of Proof) for child labour in accordance with the provisions of the ILO Convention (International Labor Organization) No. 138 of 1973 on the minimum age to be allowed to work and the ILO (International Labour Organization) Convention No. 183 then 1999 on the abolition of the worst forms of work for. This research aims to examine the philosophical foundation of the burden of proof in the Indonesian legal system and to examine the burden of proof implementation for child labour in Indonesia. This research is legal research using a normative juridical approach, the data used are primary data and secondary data analyzed using quantitative analysis. The results of the study are the first philosophical application of the principle of reverse burden of proof that has been regulated in various legal rules in Indonesia, including Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, Law No. 40 of 2007 concerning limited Company legal No. 32 of 2009 on the protection and management of the environment and the provisions of the crime of corruption relating to the freezing, expropriation and confiscation of the perpetrators of the crime of corruption in accordance. Both countries have ratified ILO Convention No. 138 of 1973 on the Minimum age to be allowed to work and ILO Convention No. 182 of 1999 on the Prohibition and immediate action on the elimination of the worst forms of Child Labour which affirms the existence of a reverse proof for child labour.

Ahmad Hafiidz Mohammad Fauzi, M. Noor Fajar Al Arif F

ProtectionIDRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex31 Dec 2021

The Interrelation between Political Instability and Child Labour in Developing Countries

This study has examined the impact of political instability on child labour on the panel of 53 developing economies. To conduct this analysis, this study has applied GMM (generalized method of moments) techniques to the panel data of child labour (dependent variable) and political instability urbanisation, inflation, gross domestic product, and trade (independent variables) from 2000 to 2015. In addition, it has conducted the disaggregated analysis, which is based on the level of income in developing economies. This study has concluded that political instability has a positive impact on child labour in developing countries. Child labour is positively related to inflation and trade, negatively associated with economic growth rate and urbanization. According to disaggregated analysis, political instability also positively affects child labour in low-income and high-income countries. Still, trade has a positive impact on high-income countries and a negative impact on low-income countries. In addition, control variables and child labour in the primary model and disaggregate analysis have the same relationships. Empirical results of this study suggest that political instability plays a critical role in increasing child labour in developing countries and has indicated that the government of developing countries should pay particular attention to political instability. Child labour can be reduced by taking good steps toward controlling political instability.

Fabeha Rao, Asif Hussain, Muhammad Farhan Ashraf

ProtectionPKRead at source

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UNDERSTANDING SOCIO-ECONOMICDIFFERENCES OF CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA FROMPOLICY PERSPECTIVES

The Role of the Informal Economy in Child Labour in Rural India

Exposing the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Bangladesh’s Leather Sector

Combatting Child Labour with Micro Credit Finance: Experience in Pakistan

Analysis of Determinants of Child Labour in District Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

CHILD LABOUR: PROTECTING CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS' RIGHTS: A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Status Of Child Labour In Hotels Of Hetauda Sub-Metropolitian City

Child Labour : A Devastating Evil and Measures Taken by Indian Judiciary

Application of Burden of Proof to Child Labour as Protection of Children's Rights

The Interrelation between Political Instability and Child Labour in Developing Countries

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