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1,657 reports · page 160 of 166

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex - Early Childhood8 Oct 2026

Quality in early childhood education and care: relationships with pedagogical dynamics profiles

Introduction Research has consistently highlighted key pedagogical dynamics that shape children's engagement, exploration, and learning. Crucial elements include the flow of daily routines, opportunities for child agency and participation, and the intentional integration of indoor and outdoor learning contexts. The aim of this study was to use a person-centered approach to identify profiles of pedagogical dynamics in Portuguese ECEC contexts and to examine how these profiles relate to professionals’ perceived quality of the organization of the educational environment. Method We used the EduIn&Out Organization of ECEC Environments Questionnaire to explore educators’ characterization of their pedagogical dynamics (routine flow, children's agency, and the use of indoor and outdoor contexts) and explored educators’ perceptions of various aspects of the quality of ECEC environment, including the organization of the space, materials and equipment (both indoor and outdoor), time management and daily routines, family and child participation, coordination with the educational team and with the center's leadership. The questionnaire was completed by 757 Portuguese educators with experience in preschool education (ages 3 to 6). Latent profile analysis was used to identify profiles of pedagogical dynamics:. Results Four distinct profiles were identified, characterized by different combinations of pedagogical dynamics: (1) Constrained-Fragmented – unstable routines, predominantly adult-led activities, and indoor-centered practices; (2) Balanced-Neutral – moderately structured routines, balanced agency and balanced use of indoor and outdoor spaces; (3) Collaborative-Integrated – highly structured routines, collaborative agency and integrated indoor-outdoor practices; and (4) Participatory-Dynamic – dynamic routines, child-led agency and outdoor-oriented practices. Discussion Profiles characterized by more structured routines, collaborative or child-led agency, and greater integration of indoor and outdoor contexts were associated with higher perceived educational environment quality, highlighting the importance of coherent pedagogical dynamics for high-quality ECEC settings.

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex - Early Childhood7 Oct 2026

Evening light exposure and sleep phase shifts in adolescence and childhood: Literature review

Sleep regulation in children and adolescents relies on the interaction between homeostatic and circadian processes. The internal biological clock, located within the suprachiasmatic nuclei, is primarily synchronized by light. This light is detected by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which are highly sensitive to short-wavelength blue light. Evening exposure to LED lighting and electronic screens can suppress melatonin secretion, promoting sleep phase delay. Children and adolescents are exceptionally vulnerable to this effect due to both anatomical and developmental factors. Combined with cognitive arousal from social media and the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), this creates a "perfect storm," resulting in behavioral bedtime procrastination and a natural shift toward an evening chronotype. While it is crucial to distinguish this common developmental and behavioral shift from a clinical disorder, cumulative circadian disruption and social jetlag remain significant risk factors for Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder (DSWPD). Furthermore, chronic sleep restriction exhibits observational associations with poorer academic performance, potential long-term metabolic disturbances (such as obesity and insulin resistance), and an elevated risk of mood disorders and depression. Available evidence highlights the critical importance of light hygiene, including limiting evening screen exposure and promoting morning natural light. Medical interventions, such as melatonin and chronotherapy, should be carefully reserved for severe clinical cases. Finally, future longitudinal studies utilizing personal light dosimetry are needed, alongside systemic solutions like delayed school start times, to protect pediatric sleep health.

Krzysztof Leś, Magdalena Kronenberg, Tomasz Męcik-Kronenberg

SurvivalDevelopmentPLRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex - Early Childhood7 Oct 2026

HLA-DRB1*15:01 Paediatric Uveitis: Ophthalmological Presentation and Follow-Up

Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical presentation of the HLA-DRB1*15:01 positive non-anterior uveitis phenotype in paediatric uveitis and to determine if early markers that may indicate a possible risk of MS, white matter lesions on brain MRI and OCT RNFL or GCL thinning, are present in this subgroup.Methods In a cohort of 65 patients with non-infectious non-anterior paediatric uveitis patients we retrospectively characterized the uveitis phenotype based on underlying HLA-DRB1*15:01 genotype and described the clinical parameters on OCT and FA of 87 HLA-DRB1*15:01 negative and 37 HLA-DRB1*15:01 positive eyes.Results HLA-DRB1*15:01 positive patients had intermediate uveitis almost three times as often as HLA-DRB1*15:01 negative patients with uveitis (70.0% versus 24.4% respectively, p = 0.001). Cells in the anterior chamber were seen less often in HLA-DRB1*15:01 positive patients compared to in HLA-DRB1*15:01 negative patients (55.0% versus 90.7% respectively, p = 0.001). Meanwhile, vitreous floaters were found more frequently in HLA-DRB1*15:01-positive compared to -negative cases (80.0% versus 53.3% respectively, p = 0.041). Also, fern-like capillary leakage was almost twice as common in HLA-DRB1*15:01 positive compared to HLA-DRB1*15:01 negative patients (64.7% versus 34.1% respectively, p = 0.032). Multiple sclerosis developed in one HLA-DRB1*15:01 positive patient (5.0%), 15 years after intermediate uveitis was diagnosed.Conclusion The HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele is associated with intermediate uveitis in children, with absence of anterior chamber cells, presence of vitreous floaters and peripheral capillary fern-like leakage as distinct clinical features. At this point the usefulness of HLA-DRB1*15:01 typing for predicting the risk of multiple sclerosis is yet to be determined.

Jytte Hendrikse, Viera Kalinina Ayuso, Annette Ossewaarde‐van Norel et al.

NLRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex - Early Childhood8 Oct 2026

A Multidisciplinary Care Pathway for Childhood Mouth Breathing: The Pediatric Allergist, ENT, and Orthodontic Perspective

Background: Mouth breathing (MB) in children is a functional alteration characterized by the substitution of nasal breathing with oral or mixed breathing. Persistent MB, particularly when occurring during sleep (nocturnal MB), may be associated with sleep fragmentation, neurobehavioral disturbances, and alterations in craniofacial development. Although established sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), particularly obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), is well-recognized and addressed by international guidelines, children presenting with persistent or nocturnal MB without established diagnostic criteria for OSAS may remain outside conventional diagnostic pathways. The multifactorial nature of MB therefore requires the coordinated evaluation of nasal, allergic, upper airway, craniofacial, dental, and orofacial factors. Methods: This narrative review was based primarily on a structured search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database covering publications from database inception to June 2026, supplemented by manual screening of the reference lists of relevant articles and clinical guidelines. The literature was selected according to relevance to the review objectives, methodological robustness, clinical applicability, and contribution to pediatric, allergological, otorhinolaryngological, and dental/orthodontic perspectives. Priority was given to systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical practice guidelines, consensus documents, and high-quality observational studies. A total of 80 references were included in the final manuscript. Results: The reviewed evidence indicates that MB may be associated with allergic and nasal conditions, upper airway obstruction, craniofacial and dental abnormalities, and orofacial functional alterations, and may coexist with SDB in selected children. The evidence was synthesized across pediatric, allergological, otorhinolaryngological, and orthodontic perspectives to develop a multidisciplinary care pathway based on the clinical identification of MB, targeted specialist assessment, objective evaluation of SDB when indicated, and individualized management and follow-up. Conclusions: MB may represent an important clinical entry point for the early recognition of potentially treatable conditions and associated SDB. The proposed multidisciplinary care pathway integrates pediatric, allergological, otorhinolaryngological, and dental/orthodontic expertise to support coordinated assessment, individualized management, and longitudinal follow-up of children with MB.

Luca Pecoraro, Martina Attanasi, Francesca Marra et al.

SurvivalDevelopmentITRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex - Early Childhood8 Oct 2026

An early-phase process evaluation of a whole-systems approach to healthy weight among children and families in Wales

Background: Childhood obesity in Wales is a significant public health issue, with prevalence rates particularly high among socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. The Welsh Government has responded to this issue by launching the Healthy Weight: Healthy Wales strategy, which includes the Children and Families Programme. The Children and Families Programme takes a whole-systems approach to increase the proportion of children leaving the school foundation phase (aged between three and seven years) at a healthy weight. This study presents a process evaluation of the early-phase implementation of a childhood obesity-focused evaluation, the Children and Families Programme, across three contrasting localities in Wales: Anglesey, Cardiff, and Merthyr Tydfil. Methods: Thirteen stakeholders involved in the Children and Families Programme were recruited through purposive sampling. The participants represented key roles in public health, dietetics, and community engagement. Semi-structured interviews were co-produced with public health leads and conducted online. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data. Results: Four key themes were identified: (1) development of the whole-systems approach, (2) partnership working, (3) systemic challenges, and (4) recommendations for future implementation. The findings emphasised the importance of strong leadership, co-production, and cross-sector collaboration. Challenges emerged around system maturity, siloed working, cultural perceptions of weight, and limited time for embedding systemic change. Conclusion: This process evaluation not only highlights the potential of whole-systems approaches in tackling childhood obesity as a complex public health issue, but also underscores the need for time, trust-building, and deeper community engagement. These findings offer actionable guidance for future whole-systems approach initiatives, particularly in the early stages, aimed at reducing health inequalities and improving childhood health outcomes in and beyond Wales.

A Potts, G Sanders, S Bird et al.

SurvivalGBRead at source

Every report we find, newest first.

How to use the reports

Quality in early childhood education and care: relationships with pedagogical dynamics profiles

Evening light exposure and sleep phase shifts in adolescence and childhood: Literature review

HLA-DRB1*15:01 Paediatric Uveitis: Ophthalmological Presentation and Follow-Up

From children’s own perspectives: Borders and boundaries at Norwegian nature-based kindergartens

Dissonance in Interactions with Parents: A Qualitative Study on Vulnerability and Trust and Implications for the Professional Development of Early Childhood Educators

What counts as digital play? Irish early childhood educators’ beliefs and practice tensions

A Multidisciplinary Care Pathway for Childhood Mouth Breathing: The Pediatric Allergist, ENT, and Orthodontic Perspective

An early-phase process evaluation of a whole-systems approach to healthy weight among children and families in Wales

High-school stories and semiotic bodies: autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) in the cultural field

Individual Development and Social Experience

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