The present study aims to explore emotional maturity among child labour and regular school going adolescents. For the said purpose sample of the study comprises of 80 adolescents out of whom 50 are regular school going and rests 30 were child labour selected purposively from different schools, canteen, shops, and markets of Aligarh city where they are educating and working. Emotional maturity Scale developed by Dr. Yashvir Singh and Dr. Mahesh Bhargava (1991) was employed to collect the necessary data. The data was then analyzed through descriptive statistics and t-test with the help of SPSS 21. The findings of the study revealed no significant difference among the two groups viz, child labour and regular school going adolescents so far as their emotional maturity is concerned. The result obtained is further discussed and interpreted in terms of socio-cultural milieu prevailing in the present Indian scenario.
Child labour remains a persistent socio-economic challenge in developing nations, despite sustained legal prohibitions and targeted welfare programmes. This study, titled "Economic Determinants and Policy Interventions in Child Labour: An Analytical Study of Causes, Consequences, and Solutions", investigates the economic factors influencing child labour, evaluates its socio-economic consequences, and assesses the effectiveness of policy measures in mitigating the problem. Employing a mixed-method approach, the research integrates primary data from household surveys and focus group discussions with secondary data from official statistics such as NSSO, Census of India, and ILO reports. Statistical techniques, including regression analysis and policy impact evaluation, are utilised to identify causal relationships between household income, unemployment, wage differentials, cost of schooling, and the prevalence of child labour. The findings reveal that household poverty, adult unemployment, and limited access to affordable education significantly contribute to the persistence of child labour. While policy interventions like the Mid-Day Meal Scheme, conditional cash transfers, and employment guarantee programmes show positive effects, their coverage and enforcement remain inconsistent. The study concludes with actionable recommendations for enhancing social protection measures, strengthening local-level monitoring, and promoting inclusive economic growth to eradicate child labour sustainably.
Child labor existence dates back to the history of mankind; it took various forms and instances over the twitch of time. The worst-hit are the African peninsula and underdeveloped countries of the world, especially South Asia. At the micro-level, Pakistan, India, Iran, Bangladesh are the worst affected. The government of these countries have taken certain initiatives since the malice of child labor is associated with multiple factors, so the success rate is not satisfactory to the level aspired. These initiatives have been taken up in collaboration with ILO, UNESCO, UNICEF, OECD, which managed to develop the bodies at provincial and further lower levers but want of coordination lack of zeal and capacity didn't make the projects a real success. A project in the name of Combating Abusive Child Labour II has been taken up to know the success or otherwise of it. It is a qualitative study based on reports and documentary analysis.
The present paper attempts to see the women and child worker in the old city of Hyderabad in the Bangle industry. Women make up a sizable portion of India’s labour force, yet they are paid less and have less secure jobs than men. As a result, many of these mothers choose to earn an income for their families by working from home. Women who work in the informal sector work with minimum pay and hence the girl child is an easy prey to assist the mother in supplementing the income and helping in the household chores so that more time is left to pursue the trade for an income. Our sample includes 100 women respondents and 150 girls. Being in the unregulated, home-based informal sector has made it challenging to organize the employees, leaving the bulk of bangle-makers in precarious positions both at work and at home. The increasing number of children, especially girls, who are taking part in the production of bangles is also a cause for alarm. It would appear that the piece rate method of payment and the fact that the work may be done from home encourage the participation of family members, including children, in the labour force.
The Indian history witnesses the plight of the Manual Scavengers in socio -legal context. The untouchability and sociolegal exclusion is the day to day reality in their life. They are socially impure, economically poor and legally abandoned. They remove the human excreta manually as traditional occupation imposed by the caste -system. The children of Manual Scavengers are not exception to this. Child labour is an unending misery in the life of the children of manual scavengers. But the expectation of the children is not the employment but empowerment. The problem is even though the well being of children and educational empowerment are portrayed and child labour in any form is prohibited by the Constitution of India, the sad truth is the misery of child labour in the life of manual scavengers' children is unending. Moreover, they experience all kinds of discriminations due to the caste -based traditional work of manual scavenging. The question is whether the legislative and the executive are aware of protecting and prohibiting the child labour of manual scavengers' children? Whether the judicial activism in protecting the Manual Scavengers' Children from the misery of Child labour and protect the human rights of these children is sufficient? It aims to study the importance of protecting the Manual Scavengers' children from child labour and promoting the human dignity and equality in their life. It also aims to provide legislative measures for effective implementation of the existing laws prohibiting child -labour. Also aims for sociolegal awareness as a need. A critical analysis is made with the help of legislation, bylaws, ordinance as primary source and the judgments as secondary source. Also it contributes to stakeholders such as the literature, Manual Scavengers' children as victims, the litigants and citizens.
This paper presents various legal provisions of child labour, for the purpose of protections and realizing the rights of the children in India.Children are future citizens of the Nation and their adequate development is utmost priority of the country. Unfortunately, child labor engulfs children across the world. In India are home to 25.96 crores individuals aged 5-14 years. Child labors are very alarming.The 2011 national census of India estimated total number of child labor aged 5–14 to be at 1.01 crores. Article 21A, Right to Education is providing free and compulsoryeducation to all children of the age of six to fourteen years. Another fundamental right Article 24: Prohibition ofEmployment of Children in Factoriesetc: No child below the age of fourteen yearsshall be employed to work in any factory/mine or engaged in any otherhazardous employment .
This article comprehensively analyzes current issues related to child labor and its international legal regulation in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study covers the legal nature of child labor, its factors of origin, socio-economic and legal consequences of involving children in labor relations. The article also scientifically and theoretically substantiates the negative impact of child labor on the physical and spiritual development of children, their right to education and health. In particular, the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Labor Code and other regulatory legal acts aimed at protecting children’s rights are analyzed and their compliance with international standards is assessed. In particular, special attention is paid to the reforms being implemented in the country in the field of combating child labor and forced labor, measures taken to eliminate child labor in the cotton harvest process, and cooperation with international organizations.
The study also focuses on the attitudes of employers who hire child laborers, exploring how they rationalize or justify the use of child labor despite the negative consequences it has on the children’s well-being. Employers often perceive child labor as a cost effective solution to labor shortages, believing that children are more malleable, obedient, and willing to accept lower wages than adults. Some may even view the practice as a way of helping impoverished families, though this view is often shaped by economic self-interest rather than genuine concern for the children’s welfare. The research further investigates how employers’ attitudes are influenced by cultural norms, economic pressures, and legal frameworks. In regions where child labor is deeply embedded in the socio-economic fabric, employers may feel little pressure to change their practices, as the exploitation of children may be normalized or overlooked by local communities. The sociological implications of child labor are profound, as it not only affects the children involved but also contributes to the broader social and economic challenges facing societies. Child labor perpetuates generational poverty, hinders social mobility, and exacerbates inequality. The study suggests that employers’ attitudes towards child labor are often shaped by broader societal and economic structures, which may overlook the long-term costs of exploiting children in favor of short-term economic gains.
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Child labor is still one of the deepest-rooted infringements of the basic human rights of children in India, prevailing in the face of strong provisions in the Constitution, statutes, judgments, and policies. Child labor is not only the outcome of inadequate legal provisions but the result of a complicated interaction of socio-economic elements such as poverty, disparity, lack of education, unemployment, migration, and the culture of child labor. The country has also ratified significant international conventions, such as ILO Conventions 138 and 182, and the United Nations Rights of Child Convention, whereby it has agreed that it would not engage in or permit economic exploitation of children or compromise their rights. This paper offer an exhaustive analysis of child labor in India, including historical, theoretical, socio- economic background, international as well as national laws on child labor, court pronouncements, policies of government, rehabilitation policies, and the role of Non- Governmental Organizations. The study, from a critical and comparative perspective, recognizes various loopholes in the system with regard to the protection policy in India and hence sheds light on the need for an effective strategy in this aspect. The abolition of child labor needs a holistic strategy that involves strict implementation of laws and provisions for education and economic development at national levels while ensuring corporate responsibility and community involvement. The abolition of child labor not only helps in ensuring the rights of children but also contributes significantly toward national development in an inclusive way
