Peer-reviewed article
Ethnicity, religious affiliation and girl-child marriage: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative sample of female adolescents in Nigeria
Jacob Wale Mobolaji, Adesegun Olayiwola Fatusi, Sunday Adepoju Adedini ·
Summary
Written by AI, not yet AICS's view · claude-haiku-4-5-20251001This study examines the prevalence of child marriage among girls aged 15-19 in Nigeria using data from 7,804 adolescents in the 2013 Demographic and Health Survey. The researchers found that child marriage rates vary dramatically by ethnicity and religion, with Northern ethnic groups having much higher prevalence (25.7-54.8%) than Southern groups (3.0-5.9%). Girls affiliated with Islam or traditional religions faced significantly higher risks of marriage than Christians, even after adjusting for residence, education and wealth.
Key points
- Hausa/Fulani ethnic group in the North had 54.8% child marriage prevalence compared to 3.0-3.6% in major Southern groups (Yoruba and Igbo)
- Two lesser-known Northern ethnic minorities, Kambari and Fulfude, recorded the highest prevalence at 74.9% and 73.8% respectively
- Girls affiliated with Muslim or traditional religions had 2.1 times higher risk of child marriage compared to Christians
- Northern ethnic minorities had 2.5 times higher adjusted hazard ratio and Northern major ethnicities 3.67 times higher compared to Yoruba
- No significant difference in child marriage prevalence was found among Southern ethnic groups
Limitations
The study is cross-sectional and cannot establish causation or temporal relationships between ethnicity, religion and child marriage. The data comes from 2013 and may not reflect current prevalence; additionally, the mechanisms through which ethnicity and religion influence child marriage practices are not explored.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The persistently high prevalence of girl-child marriage remains a public health and developmental concern in Nigeria. Despite global campaign against the practice and policy efforts by Nigerian government, the prevalence remains unabated. This study investigates the prevalence and the influence of ethnicity and religious affiliation on the girl-child marriage among female adolescents in Nigeria. METHODS: Data of 7804 girls aged 15-19 years extracted from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey were used. Ethnic groups were classified into five: major Northern ethnic group (Hausa/Fulani); Northern ethnic minorities; two major Southern ethnic groups (Yoruba and Igbo), and Southern ethnic minorities. The prevalence of girl-child marriage was determined for the five ethnic groups and individually for each ethnic minority group. Relationships between ethnicity and religious affiliation on girl-child marriage were explored using Cox proportional hazard regression models, adjusting for residence, education and wealth quintile. RESULTS: Child marriage was higher for the Northern majority ethnic group of Hausa/Fulani (54.8%) compared to the two major Southern ethnic groups (3.0-3.6%) and aggregated Northern ethnic minorities (25.7%) and Southern minorities (5.9%). However, overall, the less known Northern ethnic minority groups of Kambari (74.9%) and Fulfude (73.8%) recorded the highest prevalence. Compared to the major Southern ethnic group of Yoruba, the adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) of child marriage was significantly higher for Northern ethnic minorities (AHR = 2.50; 95% C.I. = 1.59-3.95) and Northern major ethnicity (AHR = 3.67, 95% C.I. = 2.33-5.77). No significant difference was recorded among Southern ethnic groups. Girls affiliated to other religions (Muslim and traditionalist) had higher child-marriage risks compared to Christians (AHR = 2.10; 95% C.I. = 1.54-2.86). CONCLUSION: Ethnicity and religion have independent associations with girl-child marriage in Nigeria; interventions must address culturally-laden social norms that vary by ethnic groups as well as religious-related beliefs.