Peer-reviewed article
Socioeconomic, demographic and environmental factors of child drownings in Northern Bangladesh.
Alam E, Al Hattawi KS, Akter H, Alam J, Alvarez E et al. ·
Summary
Written by AI, not yet AICS's view · claude-haiku-4-5-20251001Drowning is the leading cause of death for children aged 0-17 in rural Bangladesh, with over 14,000 deaths annually. This cross-sectional study examined 117 households in Northern Bangladesh that experienced child drownings between 2018 and 2023, identifying socioeconomic, demographic and environmental risk factors. Households affected by drowning were typically from lower-income groups with lower education levels, and the majority of drowning victims (97%) did not know how to swim. Most drownings occurred during monsoon months (June-October) and midday hours (9:00-15:00), with 72.6% happening in ponds.
Key points
- Drowning causes over 14,438 deaths annually in rural Bangladesh, averaging 43 deaths per day
- Of 117 drowning incidents identified, 84 were fatal (71.8%) and 33 were non-fatal (28.2%)
- Approximately 97% of children who drowned did not know how to swim prior to the incident
- 73.5% of parents stated they did not teach their child how to swim
- 75% of fatal drowning victims were male, with an average age of 3.9 years; 72.6% of drownings occurred in ponds
Limitations
This cross-sectional survey is based on retrospective household reporting from only 2 unions in Northern Bangladesh, which may limit generalisability to other regions. The study does not compare outcomes with a control group or test the effectiveness of any intervention, so it cannot establish causal relationships or evaluate preventive strategies.
Abstract
Background Drowning is the leading cause of death among children aged 0-17 years in rural Bangladesh, resulting in over 14 438 deaths annually-an average of 43 deaths per day. This study aims to identify socioeconomic, demographic and environmental factors linked to child drowning deaths in Northern Bangladesh-a region of high poverty, which is behind in overall socioeconomic indicators compared with other regions in the country. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey through purposive sampling to identify child fatal and non-fatal drownings among a total of 18 004 households, comprising 71 185 people, in 2 unions in Northern Bangladesh. Interviews were conducted between January and March 2024 with the households that experienced child drownings in the region. We employed a mixed-methods approach to data collection, using quantitative analysis to examine socioeconomic, demographic and environmental factors, alongside qualitative analysis to explore situational factors associated with drownings in the region. Results Through household visits, a total of 117 households were identified that faced child drowning incidents, comprising 84 fatal (71.8 %) and 33 non-fatal (28.2 %) drownings between 2018 and 2023. The households that faced drownings were comparatively of lower income groups, had lower rates of education and were mostly engaged in agriculture and other domestic work. In 2023, the number of drowning incidents was 34. Out of 117 drownings, 95% occurred between 9:00 and 15:00 hours, and more than 82% occurred between June and October. Out of 117 drowning incidents, approximately 97% of children did not know how to swim prior to the incident. Out of 117 respondents, 73.5% stated that they did not teach their child how to swim. Of those who taught their child to swim, the average age for learning to swim was 8.33 years. Out of 84 child drowning deaths, 75% were male and 25% were female, and the average age was 3.9 years. Out of the 84 fatal drowning deaths, 72.6% occurred in ponds. Conclusion Identification of socioeconomic, demographic and environmental factors associated with child drownings will help to develop feasible prevention strategies and interventions in the region.