Peer-reviewed article

Specialty-based variation in glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonist prescribing practices for adolescent obesity in Saudi Arabia.

Kalagi F, Bah S, Algindan Y · 2 Sept 2026

Abstract

Background Real-world evidence describing the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) for adolescent obesity in Saudi Arabia remains limited. This study aimed to characterize current GLP-1 RA use, evaluate specialty-based variation in prescribing practices, and explore healthcare professionals' perspectives on barriers to prescribing, training needs, and clinical guidance. Methods This was a national cross-sectional survey study conducted among physicians and clinical nutritionists practicing in Saudi Arabia between December 2024 and July 2025. The survey assessed prescribing practices, clinical perspectives, perceived barriers, and educational needs related to the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists for adolescent obesity. Comparisons across healthcare specialties were performed using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, and reflexive thematic analysis was applied to responses to an optional open-ended question. Results A total of 140 healthcare professionals completed the survey, of whom 30% reported prescribing GLP-1 RAs for adolescent obesity. Pharmacological treatment was reported more frequently by endocrinologists and bariatric surgeons than by family medicine physicians, general pediatricians, and clinical nutritionists (p < 0.001). Among the 42 GLP-1 RA prescribers, reported treatment duration differed significantly across specialties (p = 0.017). Nausea was the most frequently reported adverse effect among prescribers (95%). Treatment cost, safety concerns, limited training, and the need for clearer national guidance were identified as major barriers. Qualitative findings reinforced the need for standardized prescribing criteria, monitoring recommendations, and multidisciplinary care. Conclusions Considerable specialty-based variation exists in GLP-1 RA prescribing practices for adolescent obesity in Saudi Arabia. These findings support the development of standardized national guidance, targeted professional education, and multidisciplinary care pathways to promote consistent, safe, and evidence-based prescribing.