Peer-reviewed article
Exploring key factors related to child well-being: a community-based participatory research together with children with migration background residing in socio-economically disadvantaged areas of Malmö, Sweden
Louise Burenby-Yxne, Rathi Ramji, Elisabeth Mangrio, Katarina Sjögren Forss, Therese Sterner et al. ·
Summary
Written by AI, not yet AICS's view · claude-haiku-4-5-20251001This study explored what contributes to well-being among children aged 9–12 with migration backgrounds living in disadvantaged areas of Malmö, Sweden. Researchers worked together with 31 children over a year through focus group sessions to understand factors affecting their well-being. Children identified four key areas as important: enriching leisure time, resourceful places, belonging to a community, and access to welfare systems and rights. The study highlights the importance of including children's own voices and perspectives in research and policy decisions about their well-being.
Key points
- Four main themes emerged as key factors for child well-being: Enriching Leisure Time, Resourceful Places, Belonging to a Community, and Welfare System and Rights
- Children identified both structural aspects (school, healthcare, human rights) and personal dimensions (close relations, near environment) as important
- The study involved 31 children aged 9–12 from three disadvantaged areas participating in 49 focus group sessions over 2023–2024
- Children's participation in research and health promotion initiatives was identified as pivotal for developing contextually relevant strategies
- The research used Community-Based Participatory Research methodology to ensure children's voices shaped the understanding of their own well-being
Limitations
The study is limited to children in one city (Malmö) in a high-income country and does not measure outcomes or test interventions to address the identified factors. It captures children's perceptions at a single point in time and cannot establish causal relationships between factors and well-being outcomes.
Abstract
Background: Children with migration background, living in socio-economically disadvantaged areas, are exposed to numerous risk that can negatively affect their well-being. Understanding which key factors build and enable well-being of children with these experiences are therefore essential to support and strengthen their positive development and possibilities to feel well. Studies that include children's own perspectives and voices in initiatives that concerns them is however scarce, and there is an increased need for participation of children with diverse experiences and life situations in research and knowledge production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to, through a participatory process, explore and enhance the understanding of key factors in the social context that contribute to child well-being among children with a migration background. Methods: Thirty-one children, aged 9-12, from three disadvantaged areas in Malmö, Sweden, participated together with researchers in a Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) team, exploring factors related to their well-being in their social context. Multi-stage focus groups were held over a year (2023-2024), with different sessions facilitating dialog on the research topic. In total, 49 sessions took place, each on average duration of 1.5 h. The data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Four main themes, representing key factors related to child well-being, were identified: Enriching Leisure Time, Resourceful Places, Belonging to a Community and Welfare System and Rights. The themes covered structural aspects, such as school, healthcare and human rights, but also more personal dimensions, like close relations and the near environment, related to Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory of human development. Conclusion: The dialogs with the children provided a deeper understanding and a holistic view of the perceptions of children with migration backgrounds residing in socio-economically disadvantaged areas regarding essential factors for their well-being. Future research should focus on developing strategies that ensure children's access to the factors they have identified as fundamental to their well-being. Our study has further shown that it is pivotal to ensure children's inclusion and participation in health promotion initiatives. These initiatives need to be contextually relevant and work toward building community capacity, to promote child well-being.