Peer-reviewed article
Factors Affecting Childhood Immunization Programmes in Jada Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria
Shagari Usman Sa'ad ·
Summary
Written by AI, not yet AICS's view · claude-sonnet-5This study looked at why childhood immunization rates are low in Jada Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Researchers surveyed and interviewed mothers and caregivers to understand what stops them from vaccinating their children. They found that lack of knowledge, fears about vaccine safety, and cultural or religious beliefs discourage immunization. Poverty, illiteracy, and household duties also make it harder for caregivers to access services, while weak health systems such as far away clinics and vaccine shortages add to the problem.
Key points
- Limited knowledge and misconceptions about vaccine safety reduce participation in immunization programmes.
- Negative cultural or religious beliefs affect uptake of immunization.
- Low income, illiteracy, and competing domestic responsibilities hinder caregivers' access to services.
- Health system challenges include inadequate facilities, long distances, irregular vaccine supply, and insufficient staff.
- Poor communication and weak community mobilization contribute to low immunization coverage.
Limitations
The study uses a descriptive design without a comparison group, so it cannot show which factor has the greatest effect or measure changes over time.
Abstract
Childhood immunization is a vital public health strategy for reducing morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine-preventable diseases. However, despite ongoing efforts by government and health agencies in Nigeria, immunization coverage remains suboptimal in many rural communities, including Jada Local Government Area of Adamawa State. This study examines the factors affecting the utilization of childhood immunization programmes in the area. The study adopts a descriptive research design, focusing on mothers and caregivers of children within the immunization age group. Data are collected using structured questionnaires, interview and analyzed to identify key determinants influencing immunization uptake. Findings reveal that limited knowledge and awareness of immunization benefits, misconceptions about vaccine safety, and negative cultural or religious beliefs significantly affect participation in immunization programmes. Additionally, socioeconomic factors such as low income, illiteracy, and competing domestic responsibilities hinder caregivers’ ability to access immunization services. Health system-related challenges are also identified, including inadequate healthcare facilities, long distances to vaccination centers, irregular vaccine supply, and insufficient healthcare personnel. Poor communication and lack of effective community mobilization further contribute to low immunization coverage. The study concludes that a combination of socio-cultural, economic, and institutional factors affects the success of childhood immunization programmes in Jada Local Government Area. It recommends intensified public health education, improved accessibility of immunization services, strengthening of healthcare systems, and active community engagement to enhance immunization uptake and safeguard child health.