Peer-reviewed article

Gendered perspectives in child labour: Unique challenges for girls in rag picking

Jagdeep Sheoran · 1 Aug 2026

Abstract

Child labour continues to be a deep-rooted socio-economic issue in India, with rag picking emerging as one of the most exploitative and hazardous occupations for children. While both boys and girls are involved in this informal sector, girls face additional challenges due to gender-based discrimination, lack of educational opportunities, and more vulnerability to exploitation and abuse. This study explores the socio-economic conditions, health risks, and an educational barrier faced by girl rag pickers and assesses the effectiveness of existing child labour laws and social protection policies in addressing these concerns. Using a descriptive and exploratory research approach, this study is based on secondary data analysis, drawing from government reports, academic research, legal frameworks, and NGO publications. The findings indicate that girl rag pickers work in unsafe and unhygienic conditions, often without protective gear, making them vulnerable to severe health risks, including malnutrition, infections, and chronic illnesses. Additionally, many girls are denied access to education due to financial constraints, domestic responsibilities, and the social perception that girls' labour is necessary for household survival. Despite the existence of child protection laws such as the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, and the Juvenile Justice Act, 2015, their weak enforcement and lack of gender-specific provisions leave girl rag pickers without adequate support or legal protection. This study underscores the urgent need for targeted policy interventions, including stronger law enforcement, gender-sensitive social protection programs, and inclusive education initiatives. It advocates for accessible healthcare, vocational training, and financial support for families, ensuring that girl rag pickers are given the opportunity to escape exploitative labour and build a better future. By addressing these structural barriers, this research contributes to the broader goal of eradicating child labour through sustainable, gender-responsive policy reforms.