Peer-reviewed article

RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS AND VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN IN CALABAR METROPOLIS OF CROSS RIVER STATE

Oru Takim Taku, Awunghe Achu Ayuk, Ovat Agbor Dickson, Ndifon Eric Ntui · 12 Jun 2025

Abstract

Violence against children, particularly emotional abuse such as witchcraft branding, persists as a critical issue in Nigeria's Calabar metropolis, with religious institutions playing intricate roles in perpetuating or mitigating such violence. This study investigates barriers to effective child protection within religious contexts, drawing on symbolic interactionism and systems theory. It examines how societal meanings shape perceptions of witchcraft branding, influencing social interactions and identities. Additionally, it analyzes systemic challenges, including fragmented protection systems and legal barriers, hindering timely intervention in child protection cases. By integrating empirical evidence and theoretical frameworks, the study proposes interventions, including awareness campaigns, psychosocial support services, and community engagement, to address the root causes of violence against children and promote their wellbeing. The study concludes that lack of effective protection of children is a function of some variables hindering the process such as inadequate funding, fragmented systems as coordination challenges must be given priority and consideration, The paper recommended that there should be engagement of communities in dialogue as well as awareness activities to challenge harmful cultural practices and the fostering of community ownership in preventing and addressing witchcraft branding.