Peer-reviewed article
Profiling HIV Risk and Determined, Resilient, Empowered AIDS-Free, Mentored, and Safe (DREAMS) Program Reach Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women (AGYW) in Namibia: Secondary Analysis of Population and Program Data.
Moyo E, Melese E, Mangwana H, Takawira S, Indongo R et al. ·
Summary
Written by AI, not yet AICS's view · claude-haiku-4-5-20251001This study analyzes HIV risk among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 10-24 in Namibia and evaluates the reach of the DREAMS prevention program. Using national survey data and program records from 2018-2023, researchers identified which AGYW met HIV prevention criteria and assessed screening and enrollment gaps. The program screened over 100% of the youngest group, but reached only 57% of women aged 20-24. The analysis shows that pregnancy history, irregular condom use, and being out of school are linked to HIV risk in younger teens, while transactional sex is associated with HIV in older women.
Key points
- Only 17.3% of 10-14-year-olds, 48% of 15-19-year-olds, and 50% of 20-24-year-olds met DREAMS eligibility criteria nationally
- Among 15-19-year-olds, pregnancy history, no/irregular condom use, and out-of-school status were positively associated with HIV status
- For 20-24-year-olds, transactional sex was positively associated with HIV status
- The program screened 134% of eligible 10-14-year-olds, 95% of 15-19-year-olds, and 57% of 20-24-year-olds in target districts
- 62% of screened individuals were eligible, and 62% of eligible individuals enrolled in the program
Limitations
This is a secondary analysis using existing population survey and program data, so it cannot determine causal relationships or assess program outcomes over time. The study does not evaluate the impact of DREAMS interventions on HIV incidence or other health outcomes.
Abstract
Background Namibia is experiencing a generalized HIV epidemic, with 7.5% of the population living with HIV. Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15-24 account for 28.6% of new infections annually. Various factors increase AGYW's vulnerability to HIV. To address this, Project HOPE Namibia (PHN)-led consortium implemented the PEPFAR/USAID-funded DREAMS project in Khomas, Oshikoto, and Zambezi regions from 2018 to 2023. This study estimated the AGYW population most in need of HIV prevention and assessed geographic and age-specific gaps to improve program effectiveness and efficiency. Methods This secondary data analysis utilized the Namibia Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (NamPHIA) 2017, the Namibia census, and service data from the DREAMS project, which includes entry points for recruitment, screening, and enrolment. We used Python to conduct unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression and UpSet plots for data visualization. Results Analysis of NamPHIA data revealed low HIV prevalence in 10-14-year-olds, with only Oshikoto showing a detectable rate of 2.76%, mostly attributed to perinatal HIV transmission. Of the 12 DREAMS eligibility criteria, three could be mapped to 10-14-year-olds, while all except sexually transmitted infections could be mapped for 15-19 and 20-24-year-olds. Nationally, 17.3% of 10-14-year-old AGYW, 48.0% of 15-19-year-olds, and 50% of 20-24-year-olds met at least one DREAMS eligibility criterion. Among 15-19-year-olds, a history of pregnancy, no/irregular condom use, and out-of-school status were positively associated with HIV status. For 20-24-year-olds, transactional sex was positively associated with HIV status. Overall, 62% of screened individuals were eligible, and 62% of eligible individuals enrolled. PHN screened 134% of the estimated 37,965 10-14-year-olds, 95% of the estimated 35,585 15-19-year-olds, and 57% of the 24,011 20-24-year-olds residing in the five districts where DREAMS was implemented. Conclusions We recommend the refinement of the DREAMS eligibility criteria, particularly for AGYW 10-14, to better identify and engage those at risk of HIV acquisition through sexual transmission. For 15-19-year-olds, PHN efforts should interrogate geographic variability in entry points for recruitment and screening practices. PHN should enhance the recruitment and engagement of AGYW 20-24, with a particular focus on those engaged in transactional sex.