Peer-reviewed article

Preventing Sexual Violence and Strengthening Post-Victimization Support Among Adolescents and Young People in Kenya: An INSPIRE-Aligned Analysis of the 2019 Violence Against Children Survey (VACS).

Okova D, Lukwa AT, Alaba OA · 30 May 2025

Abstract

Background Sexual violence against adolescents and young people (AYP) remains a public health concern. This study explores patterns of sexual violence and help-seeking behaviour as well as their associated risk/protective factors with guidance of a technical package (INSPIRE) designed to reduce sexual violence in low-resource settings. Methods The 2019 Violence Against Children Survey (VACS) dataset comprises 788 males and 1344 females. After describing the prevalence and patterns of sexual violence and help-seeking behaviour (informal disclosure, knowledge of where to seek formal help, seeking formal help, and receipt of formal help) among 13- to 24-year-old AYP, logistic regression models were then fitted to predict past-year sexual violence and informal disclosure among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Results More young women than young men informally disclosed sexual violence experience (46% versus 23%). Gender inequitable attitudes [AOR 3.07 (1.10-8.56); p = 0.03], experiencing emotional violence at home [AOR 2.11 (1.17-3.81); p = 0.01] and cyberbullying [AOR 5.90 (2.83-12.29); p = 0.00] were identified as risk factors for sexual violence among AGYW. Life skills training [AOR 0.22 (0.07-0.73); p = 0.01] and positive parental monitoring [AOR 0.31 (0.10-0.99); p = 0.05] were found to be protective against sexual violence among AGYW. Positive parental monitoring [AOR 3.85 (1.56-9.46); p = 0.00] was associated with an increased likelihood of informal disclosure among AGYW. Conclusions As Kenya intensifies efforts towards sexual violence prevention, this study underscores the need to develop and strengthen policies and programs on life skills training, cultural norms, and positive parenting, as well as improve awareness and access to post-violence response and support services.