Peer-reviewed article
Translation and measurement properties of Persian version of Child-to-Parent Violence Questionnaire.
Abdolalipour S, Hosseinzadeh M, Khalili M, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Mirghafourvand M ·
Summary
Written by AI, not yet AICS's view · claude-haiku-4-5-20251001This study translated and validated a questionnaire to measure child-to-parent violence (CPV) in Iran. Researchers tested the Persian version with 500 university students, evaluating its accuracy and reliability through multiple statistical methods. The questionnaire showed strong validity and reliability, with good internal consistency and test-retest stability. The tool is now available for use in Iranian research and practice to assess how often children commit violence against parents and why.
Key points
- Face validity confirmed with impact scores exceeding 1.5 for all items
- Content validity strong: CVR=0.92 and CVI=0.89
- Four factors identified for violence frequency and two for reasons, consistent with original questionnaire
- Reliability metrics showed coefficient α of 0.81 (mother) and 0.80 (father)
- ICC values of 0.72 (mother) and 0.79 (father) indicate good test-retest reliability
Limitations
The study involved only university students from one institution, which may not represent the broader Iranian population or other age groups. The cross-sectional design cannot establish causation or temporal relationships between factors and child-to-parent violence.
Abstract
Objective Child-to-parent violence (CPV) has received limited attention in scientific literature, but due to a recent increase in reported cases, it has become a subject of investigation. The reliability and validity of the Child-to-Parent Violence Questionnaire (CPV-Q), in separate mother and father versions, have not yet been studied in Iran. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian CPV-Q. Design This research employed a cross-sectional design to evaluate the Persian CPV-Q's psychometric properties. The process included translation (using backward-forward method), face validity (via impact score calculation), content validity (using content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI)), construct validity (through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA)) and reliability assessment (via test-retest, coefficient α, coefficient ω and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)). Setting The study was conducted at the Faculties of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Participants A total of 500 qualified students from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were recruited using cluster random sampling. These participants completed the Persian CPV-Q. Results Face validity was confirmed, with impact scores exceeding 1.5 for all items. Content validity was strong, with CVR=0.92 and CVI=0.89. Exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors related to violence frequency and two factors regarding reasons for violence, consistent with the original questionnaire, covering 19 and 8 items, respectively. Total variance explained was 0.30 and 0.39 for the mother's version and 0.33 and 0.43 for the father's version in frequency and reason sections. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test confirmed sample adequacy (<0.001). Items were removed from both versions due to statistical insignificance, zero variance or collinearity. CFA supported the model fit. Reliability metrics showed coefficient α of 0.81 (mother) and 0.80 (father), coefficient ω of 0.77 (mother) and 0.74 (father), and ICC (95% CI) values of 0.72 (0.42 to 0.87) (mother) and 0.79 (0.56 to 0.90) (father), indicating good reliability. Conclusions The Persian CPV-Q demonstrates adequate validity and reliability for assessing the prevalence and causes of CPV in Iranian society.