Peer-reviewed article
CARING FOR CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES: WHAT ARE THE OUTCOMES FOR HEALTH IN AGING?
Hoyle J, Laditka J, Laditka S ·
Summary
Written by AI, not yet AICS's view · claude-haiku-4-5-20251001This study examines the long-term health outcomes for parents who care for children with developmental disabilities, rather than outcomes for the children themselves. Using 18 years of data from a nationally representative US panel study, researchers found that older parents (aged 65-79) caring for children with disabilities reported significantly lower life satisfaction, higher psychological distress, and more depressive symptoms compared to parents without such caregiving responsibilities. Younger parents did not show these differences. The findings suggest that support services are needed for aging caregivers.
Key points
- 8-10% of children have a developmental disability
- Older parents (65-79) caring for children with DD were 4.6 times more likely to report low life satisfaction
- Older caregiving parents reported 2.8 times higher psychological distress than non-caregiving parents
- Among older women caregivers, depressive symptoms were 1.3 times more common
- Parents under age 65 did not show significant differences in mental health outcomes
Limitations
The study focuses on parental outcomes rather than child well-being outcomes. It does not evaluate interventions or services, and cannot tell us what approaches might improve either children's health or parental well-being.
Abstract
Abstract Eight to ten percent of children have a developmental disability (DD). Caring for a child with DD can be rewarding. It can also be difficult, particularly for older parents or other caregivers (hereafter parents). Few studies have examined their experiences. We followed parents for 18 years using the nationally representative Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). We defined DD with criteria used in research and education law, as: (1) autism, intellectual disability, learning disorder, epilepsy with seizures, attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cerebral palsy, or traumatic brain injury; and (2) qualification for professional services. We used three waves of the PSID’s Childhood Development Study, 1997-2007, linking children’s and parents’ PSID data (n=4,070) to study three outcomes: parents “not very” or “not at all” satisfied with “life as a whole”; nonspecific psychological distress; and reports that depressive feelings interfered with life or activities “a lot.” Discrete-time hazard models controlled for: child disability; children’s and parents’ age, sex, and education; survey design; and repeated measures. Among parents ages 47-61 at baseline (65-79 in 2015), those who cared for a child with DD were significantly more likely to report low satisfaction with life (hazard ratio, HR 4.6, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.6-13.2), distress (HR 2.8, CI 1.1-6.9) and, among women, depressive feelings (HR 1.3 CI 1.0-1.8). We found no such differences for parents less than age 65 in 2015. Results highlight the need to provide emotional support, respite, or other services for older adults caring for children with disabilities.