Peer-reviewed article
Examining Attitudes Conducive to Technology-Facilitated Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse: Evidence From a Representative Multi-Country Study
Michael Salter, Tyson Whitten, Delanie Woodlock, Carleigh Bristol Slater, Ashleigh McFeeters et al. ·
Summary
Written by AI, not yet AICS's view · claude-haiku-4-5-20251001This study examined attitudes held by men in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States that might facilitate technology-enabled child sexual abuse. Researchers surveyed 4,918 men and identified three distinct groups based on their attitudes toward such abuse. Men who normalized abuse or blamed victims were more likely to have sexual interest in children or commit offenses. The research suggests that reinforcing the message that child sexual abuse is morally wrong and harmful could help prevent offending.
Key points
- Three latent classes of attitudes toward technology-facilitated child sexual exploitation and abuse were identified among men
- A shift from normalisation/blame diffusion attitudes to denial of abusiveness was associated with greater odds of acting on sexual interest in children
- Reinforcing that child sexual abuse is harmful and the perpetrator's fault may prevent at-risk men from offending
- Men holding normalisation and blame diffusion beliefs may be identifiable earlier in offending trajectories for secondary prevention
- Media, technology sector, and entertainment industry have important roles in reinforcing the moral wrong of child sexual abuse
Limitations
This study examined attitudes and their correlations with sexual interest and offending through cross-sectional survey data from three high-income countries, so it cannot establish causation or generalize findings to other global contexts. The research does not evaluate the effectiveness of any intervention to change attitudes or prevent abuse.
Abstract
The development of primary prevention efforts to reduce child sexual abuse before it occurs has been inhibited by a lack of research into the attitudes and beliefs associated with child abuse and maltreatment. This article presents findings from 4,918 men pooled from nationally representative surveys of men in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States, and presents a latent class analysis of men's attitudes to technology-facilitated child sexual exploitation and abuse, and its relationship with sexual interest in children and/or sexual offending against children. This study identified and described three latent classes of attitudes towards technology-facilitated child sexual exploitation and abuse, identifying significant and meaningful behavioural and demographic differences between the three groups of men. An important finding of this study is that the shift from "normalisation/blame diffusion" (associated with the belief that technology-facilitated child sexual exploitation and abuse is normal and acceptable behaviour) to "denial of abusiveness: and restrictive stereotypes" (associated with denying that abuse is harmful and desired by the child) was associated with greater odds of acting on sexual interest in children. The finding suggests that the moral or ethical quandary posed by sexual interest in children, and the consensus that child sexual abuse is morally wrong, has an important role to play in the prevention of technology-facilitated child sexual exploitation and abuse. Interventions that seek to reinforce attitudes that child sexual abuse is harmful, and the fault of the perpetrator, may prevent at-risk men from offending. From the perspective of secondary prevention, targeting men who hold normalisation and blame diffusion beliefs may assist agencies in identifying offenders earlier in their offending trajectory. The findings also underscore the critically important role of the media and other sources of cultural influence, including the technology sector and entertainment industry, in reinforcing the moral wrong of child sexual abuse.