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Experiences and Consequences of Working Mothers in Healthcare Settings: A Qualitative Content Analysis

Jalilvand S, Abdi K, Latifian M, Esmaeili S · 18 Sept 2026

Abstract

Abstract Background: Working mothers in healthcare settings face complex role demands arising from the simultaneous responsibilities of professional duties, motherhood, and marital roles. These overlapping expectations may result in both challenges and benefits that influence family functioning and occupational well-being. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences and perceived consequences of employment among mothers working in healthcare settings. Materials: This qualitative study employed a conventional content analysis approach and was conducted in hospitals affiliated with Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2025. Thirty employed mothers with at least one child were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman’s method until data saturation was achieved. Results: Analysis yielded 820 initial codes, which were organized into 23 subcategories and 7 categories under two main themes: negative and positive consequences of employment. Negative consequences included social deprivation, deterioration of family stability, family members’ dissatisfaction, and threats to well-being. Positive consequences included health improvement, economic strengthening, and social support. Conclusion: Employment among mothers working in healthcare settings generates a complex set of both constraining and enabling consequences for family functioning and individual well-being. While occupational demands contribute to role conflict and family strain, employment also enhances health literacy, financial independence, and social support. These findings highlight the importance of developing family-centered and gender-sensitive workplace policies to promote work–family balance among female healthcare workers.