Peer-reviewed article
Theory-based immunisation health education intervention in improving child immunisation uptake among antenatal mothers attending federal medical centre in Nigeria: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Abubakar Nasiru Galadima, Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli, Salmiah Md Said, Norliza Ahmad, Saleh Ngaski Garba ·
Summary
Written by AI, not yet AICS's view · claude-haiku-4-5-20251001This is a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial testing a health education intervention for pregnant women in Nigeria to improve childhood immunisation uptake. The intervention uses Social Cognitive Theory to address barriers including low maternal knowledge, cultural beliefs and misunderstandings about religious regulations. The study will recruit 392 antenatal mothers at a federal medical centre in Zamfara State, where immunisation coverage is very low (below 10%), and follow their children's immunisation uptake over 14 weeks after delivery. The study aims to improve not only immunisation rates but also maternal knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy and beliefs about immunisation.
Key points
- Childhood immunisation coverage in Nigeria is very low at 31%, with Zamfara State having less than 10% coverage
- The intervention consists of five health education sessions guided by Social Cognitive Theory delivered to pregnant women
- Primary outcome is childhood immunisation uptake; secondary outcomes include maternal knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, cultural beliefs and religious assumptions about immunisation
- Study design is a single-blind parallel-group randomised controlled trial with 392 antenatal mothers
- Follow-up data will be collected at 6, 10 and 14 weeks post-delivery with intention-to-treat analysis planned
Limitations
This is a protocol document describing a planned study, not results. It cannot tell us whether the intervention actually works or what the outcomes were. The study is limited to one facility in Zamfara State, which may not represent other regions of Nigeria.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Childhood immunisation coverage is very low in Nigeria (31%) with Zamfara State being amongst the states with the poorest coverage (<10%). Lack of maternal knowledge, attitude, outcome expectations, self-efficacy, cultural beliefs and assumptions of religious regulations of antenatal mothers towards childhood immunisation are the contributory factors to poor childhood immunisation uptake. This study aims is to develop, implement and evaluate the effects of an immunisation health educational intervention with application of Social Cognitive Theory on pregnant women to improve knowledge, attitude, outcome expectations, self-efficacy, cultural beliefs and assumptions on religious regulations regarding childhood immunization uptake in Federal Medical Centre Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: The study will be a single-blind parallel-group randomised controlled trial, where baseline data will be collected from 392 estimated antenatal mothers, after that they will be evenly randomised using randomly generated permuted block sizes (each containing two intervention and two control assignments). The study participants will be antenatal mothers of ages 18 years and above who are in third trimesters and attending Federal Medical Centre Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria; during the study period and fulfilled all the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The intervention group will undergo five-health education sessions on immunisation, which will be strictly guided by Social Cognitive Theory-based intervention module: while the control group will receive usual care (standard care). Follow-up data will be collected using the same questionnaire at 6-weeks post-delivery, 10-weeks post-delivery and 14-weeks post-delivery. The generalized linear mixed model will be carried-out to determine the overall effect of the intervention after controlling for 14 potential confounding variables. An intention to treat analysis will also be carried-out. Childhood immunisation uptake is the primary outcome while the secondary outcomes are: improved knowledge scores, attitude scores, outcomes expectation, self-efficacy scores, cultural beliefs scores and assumptions on religious regulations scores. DISCUSSION: The study will be a randomised controlled trial, that focuses on the effects of an immunisation health educational intervention with application of Social Cognitive Theory on pregnant women to improve knowledge, attitude, outcome expectations, self-efficacy, cultural beliefs and assumptions on religious regulations regarding childhood immunisation uptake in Federal Medical Centre Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR202006722055635. Protocol registered on 09 June 2020.
Findings the Hub has extracted
Each claim below is labelled by its type of design and links back to this report.
- Intervention
- Five theory-based health education sessions delivered to pregnant women using Social Cognitive Theory framework to improve knowledge, attitudes, outcome expectations, self-efficacy, cultural beliefs and assumptions about religious regulations regarding childhood immunisation
- Population
- Antenatal mothers aged 18 years and above in their third trimester attending Federal Medical Centre Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria
Key finding
This is a protocol document; no results are available yet