Peer-reviewed article

Effectiveness of a Precede-Proceed Model-Based Health Promotion Intervention on <i>Evaluating Changes In</i> Mothers' Knowledge of Stunting Prevention in Indonesian Communities.

Andriyani S, Sulastri A, Fitriana LA, Darmawan D, Perdani AL et al. · 26 Dec 2025

Abstract

Introduction Stunting remains a persistent public health challenge in Indonesia, with significant implications for children's long-term health and national development.The PRECEDE-PROCEED Model (PPM) offers a comprehensive framework for designing effective health education interventions, yet its application in community-based stunting prevention in Indonesia remains underexplored. Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify and launch an increase in maternal knowledge before and after providing a health promotion intervention on stunting prevention. Patients and methods The research method used was a pre-experimental study that used a one-group pre-test and post-test design involving 52 mothers of children under five years in Cimahi, West Java. A 20-item validated questionnaire was administered before and after a structured 90-minute health education session based on the PPM framework. Educational content focused on nutrition, hygiene, immunization, and child stimulation. Results Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test due to non-normal score distribution. Research results show participants' mean knowledge score increased significantly from 18.67 (SD = 1.79) to 19.69 (SD = 0.96) post-intervention (p = 0.00006). Most participants (73%) achieved a perfect score after the session, indicating a positive effect of the intervention. Reduced score variability suggests enhanced and more uniform knowledge dissemination. Conclusion A health promotion intervention using the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model effectively improved maternal knowledge of stunting prevention. The participatory and contextualized approach demonstrated strong potential for replication in community health settings across Indonesia. Further studies should explore long-term behavioral outcomes and scalability. Research limitations Pre-experimental research design without a control group, so no comparison group that does not receive the intervention. The sample size is relatively small and limited to one location. Outcome measurement is only on short-term maternal knowledge. Focus only on maternal knowledge without measuring other aspects related to stunting prevention.