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The prevalence and correlates of early marriages for women aged 20-29 in Zimbabwe: An analysis of the 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS)

Bvurume E, Mangombe K, Mhlanga K, Lwanga C · 8 Nov 2024

Abstract

Abstract Background Early marriage remains a significant public health issue, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. It has the potential to deprive adolescent girls of their sexual and reproductive rights and expose them to the risks associated with early and high-risk fertility behavior. This study analyzes the prevalence and factors associated with early marriages in Zimbabwe. Methods The analysis utilized data from the 2019 Zimbabwe Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. A pooled weighted sub-sample of 2219 women aged 20–29 was used for the study. Statistical analysis was carried out using the R-Studio software package, version 3, considering complex survey design analysis. Logistic regression models were used to examine the correlations between individual-level factors and early marital behavior. Results According to the study, 40.9% of women were married before reaching adulthood. The research found a strong correlation between early sexual initiation as strongly related to early marriage (OR = 7.311, p < 0.005), living in the Mashonaland provinces, particularly Mashonaland East, and an increased likelihood of child marriage (OR = 4.1169, p < 0.005). Furthermore, religious affiliation and level of education were also identified as independent factors that elevate the risk of child marriage. Conclusion The research highlighted the necessity of implementing coordinated strategies across different policy and community levels to empower girls, provide education, and ensure protection. These strategies are crucial for addressing the structural, sociocultural, and individual barriers effectively. The study underscored the importance of the evidence presented, which can guide policy-making and the development of targeted interventions to combat child marriage in Zimbabwe. Furthermore, it recommended that future qualitative research should delve deeper into community and intergenerational factors and utilize mixed methods to explore the issues associated with high early marriage rates in the Mashonaland provinces.