Peer-reviewed article

Interpersonal and socio-demographic factors associated with divorce among women of reproductive age in Tanzania: evidence from the 2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey data.

Mosha IH · 15 Jan 2026

Abstract

Introduction divorce is a global issue affecting communities worldwide and is linked to adverse social outcomes such as school dropouts and an increase in street children. This study aimed to examine socio-demographic and interpersonal factors associated with divorce among women of reproductive age in Tanzania. Methods a cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (TDHS-MIS), a nationally representative survey. The study population included women aged 15-49 years who had ever been married or cohabited. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with divorce. Results a total of 9,443 women were included, with a mean age of 31.5 ± 8.7 years; 13.3% were divorced or separated. Early sexual debut, particularly before age 15, was associated with higher odds of divorce (AOR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.20-1.91, p<0.001). Employment increased the likelihood of divorce across all occupational categories compared with domestic work. Other socio-demographic factors linked to divorce included urban residence (AOR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.06-1.63), mobile phone ownership (AOR 1.73, 95% CI: 1.45-2.08), and having a partner who consumed alcohol (AOR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.24-1.71). Interpersonal factors such as fear of the husband, accusations of infidelity, and restrictions on social or family contacts also increased the odds of divorce.Conclusion: divorce among women of reproductive age in Tanzania is influenced by multiple factors. Interventions such as family life education and premarital counseling are recommended to promote harmonious relationships and reduce the risk of divorce.