Peer-reviewed article

Socioeconomic and reproductive factors associated with child marriage in Africa: A path model

Laurasona Leigh, Jiunn‐Jye Sheu, Colleen Y. Taylor · 4 Apr 2025

Abstract

Child marriage is a significant public health issue, resulting in adverse effects that violate the rights of girls below 18 years old. Six out of ten countries with the highest prevalence of child marriage (over 50%) are located in Africa. Although numerous studies have been carried out to explore ways to reduce child marriage, there is limited research focusing on how ecological factors influence the prevalence of child marriage. This study’s objective was to determine the socioeconomic and reproductive factors linked to child marriage in Africa. Utilizing the Socio-ecological Model of Health as a guide, a correlational analysis was conducted using data from 54 African countries. Information for each country was obtained from surveys conducted with the support of reputable international agencies. Path analysis was utilized to determine the magnitude and direction of the factors connected to child marriage. The results illustrate that adolescent fertility, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and youth female literacy rates significantly accounted for 83% (R2) of variance for child marriage. In addition, child marriage and GDP per capita significantly predict maternal mortality ratio with 0.59 R2. African nations are encouraged to implement strategies and interventions that reduce child marriage and its associated critical factors by increasing enrollment, retention, and completion of school; improving economic opportunities; and establishing relevant laws and policies.